Pre – assessment:

Word Hunt
Directions. Look for 10 global
health issues and concerns that
the World Health Organization
and member-nations are facing.
M A L A R I A I D E N T

W A T E R S A F E T Y R

A Q S E S A E S I D N E

H T L A E H S’ N E M O W

M E N T A L H E A L T H

Z X C N M K I L O P O E

A S D P A O V T R D N U

E N V I R O N M E N T G

E R D N O I T I R T U N

E S T Y R R W E T Y B E

S T O W T O B A C C O D
 ANSWER
1. MALARIA
2. WATER SAFETY
3. MENTAL HEALTH
4. ENVIRONMENT
5. TOBACCO
6. DISEASES
7. WOMENS’ HEALTH
8. NUTRITION
9. DENGUE
10. AIDS
 What are the UN
United Nations
Millennium Development
Millennium Development Goals
Goals? Why they are
important, and how you
can help.
 Outline
• What is the United Nations (UN) and what is
its purpose?
• What are the UN Millennium Development
Goals?
• What progress has been made?
• Why are the UN Millennium Development
Goals important?
• How can you help?
 United Nations (UN)
• The United Nations was formed in 1945
• It now has 193 Member States
• The organization has 4 main purposes
– Peace and Security
– Development
– Human Rights
– Harmonizing the relationships and
actions of nations
 UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• The UN MDGs are big, audacious 15-year goals,
designed to help the world make progress
towards an envisioned future.

• They were designed to:

• Be clear and compelling
• Be a unifying focal point
• Catalyze team spirit
• Have a clear finish line
 The Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) have been the most successful
global anti-poverty push in history.
Significant and substantial progress has
been made in meeting many of the
targets—including halving the number
of people living in extreme poverty and
the proportion of people without
sustainable access to improved sources
of drinking water.
The proportion of urban slum dwellers
declined significantly. Remarkable
gains have been made in the fight
against malaria and tuberculosis.
There have been visible improvements
in all health areas as well as primary
education.
 More than 2.5 billion people lack
improved sanitation facilities, of which
one billion continue to practice open
defecation, a major health and
environmental hazard. Our resource base
is in serious decline, with continuing
losses of forests, species and fish stocks,
in a world already experiencing the
impacts of climate change.
 OLPC - 6 year effort to
The Human Genome
provide educational
Project – 15 year effort
opportunities for the
to identify all 15,000-
world's most isolated and
20,000 genes in human
poorest children by giving
DNA, completed in just
each child a rugged, low-
10 years.
cost, low-power, connected
laptop
Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
Developing countries particularly in Africa
and Asia suffer from extreme poverty and
hunger. Poverty and hunger leads to severe
malnutrition which leads to lifelong
physical and cognitive (learning and
reasoning) damage and affects health,
well-being and the economy. Some key
suggestions to eradicate poverty and
hunger are:
 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
1. Education
2. Promoting gender equality
3. Producing more jobs
4. Investing more in agriculture
5. Strengthened nutrition programs for
children and infants
6. Support and protection of developing
and vulnerable countries during crises
Targets:

• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of

people whose income is less than $1.25 a day.

• Achieve full and productive employment and decent

work for all, including women and young people.

• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of

people who suffer from hunger.
Education can help
lift people out of
poverty.
An education opens doors to jobs and credit.
One year of schooling can increase a
person's earnings by 10%; each additional
year of schooling can lift average annual GDP
by 0.37%. Greater equity in education can
help fuel a virtuous cycle of increased
growth and accelerated poverty reduction,
with benefits for the poor and for society as
a whole.
Education equips people with the knowledge
and skills they need to increase income and
expand employment opportunities. When
education is broadly shared and reaches the
poor, women and marginalized groups, it holds
out the prospect that economic growth will be
broadly shared. On the other hand, poverty
pushes children out of school and into work
because parents cannot afford to educate their
children.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary
education
Persons, particularly women who are educated,
are more likely to seek medical care especially
during pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for
their family, adopting healthy sanitary
practices and ensuring immunization of
children. As an effect, infants and children have
better survival rates, are healthier and better
nourished. If these are attained, children who
receive primary education are more likely to:
1. Marry and have their own families at a later stage
in life
2. Practice family planning and have fewer children
3. Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
4. Seek employment and sustain personal and family
needs
5. Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted
infections like HIV/AIDS
6. Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises
Target:

• Ensure that, by 2015, children

everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be
able to complete a full course of primary
schooling
Every child has the
right to go to school,
but millions are still
being left behind.
 Universal primary education
involves entering school at an
appropriate age, progressing
through the system and
completing a full cycle.
 Today, there are over 30 million more
children in school than in the beginning
of the decade. There have been some
remarkable success stories. Primary
school enrolments have increased
dramatically in sub-Saharan Africa as
well as in in South and West Asia.
 Of those students enrolled in school,
millions drop out or leave school without
having gained the most basic literacy and
numeracy skills. Additionally,
pupil/teacher ratios in many countries
are in excess of 40:1 and a severe
teacher shortage exists.
 The goal of education for all
children will not be reached
unless we reach the children who
are being left behind.
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and
empower women
Gender equality means equal representation of
men and women. It implies that all gender
should have equal value and treatment. Equal
gender treatment empowers women and other
groups creating opportunities in education,
work, finances, and other aspects which
improves the economy and lessen effects of
financial crises. Gender equality can be
achieved through:
1. Early childhood development intervention
2. Promotion of women’s political rights and
involvement
3. Improved reproductive health programs and policies
4. Education and integrating gender equality in school
curriculum
5. Improved women’s access to work and strengthened
labor policies for women
6. Support and protection of developing and vulnerable
countries during crises
Target:

• Eliminate gender disparity in primary

and secondary education, preferably
by 2005, and in all levels of education
no later than 2015
 Equal schooling for
both boys and girls is
the foundation for
development.
 No other policy intervention is likely to have a
more positive multiplier effect on progress across
all the MDGs than the education of women and
girls. Evidence shows a strong correlation between
educating women and girls and an increase in
women’s earnings, improved child and family
health and nutrition, an increase in school
enrolment, protection against HIV infection, higher
maternal and child life expectancy, reduced
fertility rates and delayed marriage.
Several million more girls are now in school
compared with 2000 and girls’ access to
education has markedly improved in some
countries, such as Bangladesh, Benin and
Nepal. India is approaching gender parity in
terms of enrolment.
Of the 759 million adults who cannot read
or write, around two-thirds are women.
This proportion has remained unchanged
since 2000.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Programs and policies which help reduce
child mortality like improving nutritional
intake, healthcare facilities and
infrastructure, and other fields which
improve children’s lives. Strengthening
local and national health programs and
policies is one way to reduce child
mortality. This includes:
1. Immunization programs
2. Assuring the survival and better health
of mothers
3. Improving reproductive health
programs and policies
4. Better nutrition program for infants,
children and mothers
Targets:

• Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,

the under-five mortality rate
Education saves
young lives.
Educating a girl greatly reduces the chance that
her child will die before the age of five. In many
countries, having a mother with secondary or
higher education more than halves the risk of
child mortality compared to having a mother
with no education. Having a mother with
primary education reduces child death rates by
almost half in the Philippines and around one
third in Bolivia.
 Evidence shows a strong correlation between
educating women and girls and higher maternal
and child life expectancy as well as
improvements in child and family health and
nutrition. Girls and women who are educated are
far more likely to immunize their children. Their
children are less likely to be malnourished. In
Niger, the child of a woman with secondary
education is over four times less likely to be
malnourished than the child of a woman with no
education.
 Having a mother who had completed
primary education reduces the risk of
stunting by 22 percent in Bangladesh and
26 percent in Indonesia.
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Improved maternal health is not only
about mother’s health but also involves
the health and wellness of the family.
Maternal health also helps eradicate other
problems like poverty, gender inequality,
decreased workforce, lower birth deaths,
and disability of women. Some ways to
improve maternal health include:
1. Improved and proper nutrition of mothers
2. Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and
small family size
3. Educating young boys and girls about the
importance of maternal health
4. Better and improved access to hospital care
especially obstetric-gynecology, prenatal
and postnatal care
Targets:

• Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and

2015, the maternal mortality ratio.

• Achieve, by 2015, universal access to

reproductive health.
Fewer mothers would
die if they had
education.
 Maternal education is one of the
strongest antidotes to childbearing-
related risks. Educating girls and
women empowers them to make
better health-related decisions.
Complications in pregnancy and childbirth
are a leading cause of death and disability
among women of childbearing age,
claiming over 500,000 lives a year. Girls
who are educated are more likely to seek
antenatal care.
The world’s most dangerous place to give
birth is Niger, where women face a 1 in 7
chance of fatality. The odds in rich
countries average 1 in 8000.
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and
other diseases
Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS,
malaria, influenza and other diseases affect
productivity and growth of nations. Some of the
effects of disease outbreak are loss of jobs, shortage in
professional workers, and creating social crises.
Children are the most vulnerable and are exposed to
exploitation and abuse undermining their normal
growth and development. Some ways to combat
diseases include effective prevention, treatment and
care like:
1. Improved housing conditions
2. Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
3. Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive
education for all
4. Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS
persons and
5. TB - Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS)
Course therapy
6. Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to
fight mosquito-borne diseases
Targets:

• Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread

of HIV/AIDS.

• Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for

HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

• Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the

incidence of malaria and other major diseases.
 Education is the best
vaccine against HIV and
AIDS.
 Data: With an estimated 6,800 people newly
infected with HIV every day, education must be at
the forefront of any response to HIV and AIDS.
Education can impart knowledge and skills and
encourage positive attitudes and behavior that will
reduce a person’s chance of getting HIV.
Educational institutions take a central role in HIV
prevention efforts because they are the best way
to reach large numbers of young people. Similarly,
school health, awareness and hygiene programms
help to combat malaria and other diseases
 Progress is being made, but national
education sectors need to reinforce their
pivotal role. One study, covering thirty-
two countries, found that women with
post-primary education were five times
more likely than illiterate women to know
about HIV/AIDS.
 Education has been recognized to be a key
element of effective HIV prevention. Even in
the absence of HIV-specific interventions,
education offers an important measure of
protection against HIV. The Global Campaign
for Education has estimated that universal
primary education would prevent 700,000 new
HIV infections each year. Education reduces the
vulnerability of girls, and each year of schooling
offers greater protective benefits.
 Recent survey data from 64 countries
indicate that only 40% of males and 38%
of females aged 15-24 have
comprehensive and correct knowledge
about HIV and how to avoid transmission.
These levels are far short of the target
established at the UN General Assembly
Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS) of
95% by 2010.
School-based HIV education offers a
very cost-effective approach to
prevention as schools provide a
practical means to reach large
numbers of young people from
diverse social backgrounds.
 The HIV AiDS
-acquired immunodefiency
syndrome(AIDS),Human immunodefiency
Virus(HIV).
Question !

what are the symptoms

of hIV AIDS ?
-Usually HIV AIDS does not have symptoms in
its EARLY STAGES.
-”Initially, people with HIV were diagnosed as
having AIDS only when they developed
BLOOD INFECTIONS.
-it is a CANCER KNOW as KAPOSI”S
SARCOMA.
-HIV IS A HIGHLY INFECTION.
 VIRUS THAT CAN AFFECT OUR BLOODS CELLS.

SEXUAL
ENTERCOURSE,BREASTFEEDING,B
LOODTRANSFUSION,INJECTING
DRUGS.
-I RESEARCH
Symptoms and signs of common opportunistic
infections include:
-dry cough or shortness of breath.
-difficult or painful swallowing.
-diarrhea lasting for more than a week.
-white spots or unusual blemishes in and around
the mouth.
-pneumonia-like symptoms.
-fever.
-vision loss.
-nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
☹
Goal 7: Ensure environmental
sustainability
Investing and supporting sustainable
energy like solar, wind and water energy
help support jobs, create business
opportunities, and save remaining non-
renewable energy sources. Environmental
sustainability assures peoples to live
healthier and enjoy a clean and green
environment. Some of the benefits of a
sustainable environment are:
1. Cleaner air and environment
2. Clean, environment-friendly, and
renewable energy
3. New and aspiring jobs and business in
energy
4. Increased access to sanitation
Targets:
• Integrate the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and
programs and reverse the loss of environmental
resources.

• Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a

significant reduction in the rate of loss.
• Halve, by 2015, the proportion of
people without sustainable access to
safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

• By 2020, to have achieved a significant

improvement in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers.
Education is an agent for
sustainable
development.
 Education helps individuals to make
decisions that meet the needs of the
present without compromising those of
future generations. Education for
Sustainable Development (ESD) addresses
key issues such as poverty reduction,
sustainable livelihoods, climate change,
gender equality, corporate social
responsibility and protection of
indigenous cultures.
ESD can help us to live sustainably. It aims
to change the way we think, behave, look
at the world, interact with nature and
address social, economic and
environmental problems. Governments
are realizing this: according to a recent
survey, 79 countries now have a national
ESD coordination body.
Goal 8: Develop global partnerships for
development
Targets:
• Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-
discriminatory trading and financial system.

• Address the special needs of the least developed

countries.

• Address the special needs of landlocked developing

countries and small island developing States.
• Deal comprehensively with the debt
problems of developing countries .

• In cooperation with pharmaceutical

companies, provide access to affordable
essential drugs in developing countries.

• In cooperation with the private sector, make

available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communications.
A global partnership is
needed to fill the
financial gap for
education
Aid for basic education in the world’s
poorest countries came to only
US$2.7 billion in 2007, a far cry from
the $US16 billion needed annually to
reach education-related development
goals.
 Developing countries can also do
more – by making education a
priority. If low-income countries spent
0.7% of their GDP on education, it
could make about US$7 billion
available per year for basic education.
By using a holistic approach, leverage points are identified,
where you can maximize impact for each unit of effort.
What do the UN MDGs mean to us?

“Our most basic common link

is that we all inhabit this
planet. We all breathe the
same air. We all cherish our
children's future. And we are
all mortal. “
~ President John F. Kennedy
What do the UN MDGs mean to us?

“This is the moment when we must

come together to save this planet.
Let us resolve that we will not leave
our children a world where the
oceans rise and famine spreads and
terrible storms devastate our
lands.”
~ President Barack Obama
What do the UN MDGs mean to us?

“We need to think of the future

and the planet we are going to
leave to our children and their
children.”
~ Former UN Secretary-General
Kofi Annan
 What do the UN MDGs mean to us?

“The Earth is not a gift from

our parents, it is a loan from
our children”
~ Kenyan Proverb

By all of us being part of the solution, we can together

overcome some of society’s greatest challenges before
the global population grows to 9 billion.
• With all of your help, the Millennium
Development Goals can be achieved by
2015.

• Be part of the solution to some of the

world’s most pressing problems.
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