Hypertension

Hypertension
 Also known as “ high blood pressure”
 One of the most widespread disease in the world;
 Itis a condition marked by persistent elevation of
blood pressure in the arteries;
 Although the normal blood pressure is at or
below 120/80mmHg, experts suggest that
keeping it at 115/75mmHg is ideal, beyond this
figure, the risk of heart attack increases;
 A systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg above
and a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg and above
is considered to be high blood .
What is Blood Pressure?
Hypertension
Systolic pressure is the pressure the heart must
pump against to force blood from the left side
of the heart to the Aorta and major arteries.
Diastolic pressure is the pressure required to
allow filling of the ventricles of the heart before
the next systole.

Systolic = 120
Diastolic = 80 mmHg
Systolic and Diastolic Pressure
Hypertension
4 General Categories of Blood Pressure
1. Normal blood pressure > your BP is normal if
it's below 120/80 mm Hg, some doctors
recommend 115/75 mm Hg as a better goal.
2. Pre-hypertension > is a systolic pressure
ranging from 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic
pressure ranging from 80 to 89 mm Hg.
3. Stage 1 hypertension > is a systolic pressure
ranging from 140 to 159 mm Hg or a diastolic
pressure ranging from 90 to 99 mm Hg.
4. Stage 2 hypertension > is a systolic pressure of
160 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic pressure of
100 mm Hg or higher.
Classification of Hypertension
1. Primary or Essential Hypertension
 When the diastole pressure is 90 mmHg or higher
and other causes of hypertension are absent, the
condition is said to be primary hypertension.

Classification Diastolic Pressure Percentage of

(mm. Hg ) Individuals

Mild 90 - 104 70 %

Moderate 105 - 114 20 %

Severe 115 10 %
Classification of Hypertension
2. Secondary Hypertension
This type of hypertension results from an
identifiable cause. Renal disease is the most
common secondary cause of hypertension, such
as congenital anomalies, renal artery
obstruction, acute and chronic
glomerulonephritis.
3. Accelerated Hypertension or Hypertensive
Crisis or Malignant Hypertension
This type of hypertension occurs when the
blood pressure elevates very rapidly, threatening
one or more of the target organs: brain, kidney
and heart.
Classification of Hypertension

4. Gestational Hypertension (Pre-Eclampsia)

Hypertension occurs in approximately 8–10% of
pregnancies. Pre - Eclampsia is characterized by
increased blood pressure and the presence of
protein in the urine.
Symptoms of Hypertension
 headache
 shortness of breath
 dizziness
 chest pain
 palpitations
 nosebleed sometimes
 most of the times no symptoms at all
Common Medical Tests for Hypertension
 Urine test or Urinalysis
 Blood test or Blood Work-up
Fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood urea nitrogen
(BUN), creatinine , HDL(good cholesterol),
LDL (bad cholesterol), Triglycerides, etc.
 Electrocardiogram (ECG) - a test that
measures your heart's electrical activity.
Complications of Hypertension
 Heart attack or stroke
 Aneurysm
 Heart failure
 Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your
kidneys
 Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in
the eyes
 Metabolic syndrome
 Trouble with memory or understanding
Prevention
 Keep fit by regulating energy intake
derived from total fats and salts;
 Eat more fruits and vegetables,
including whole grains, nuts and
legumes;
 Exercise regularly by engaging in
physical activities at least 150 minutes
per week for adults and 60 minutes a
day for children.
 Stopand avoid tobacco use and alcohol
drinking.
Healthy Diet for Hypertension
 Here are simple 9 dieting tips to control
your high blood pressure

 1. Fiber high breakfasts – fiber in your diet is very essential and remember to eat
cereals with minimum 5 grams of fiber and also it is a good choice as a snack.

2. Vegetables and fruits – they contain water-soluble fiber which can clear
toxins, cholesterol and even plaque. Also veggies and fruits which are brightly
colored contain phytochemicals which are very useful.

3. Beans – they are good source of both protein and fiber. You can get them
canned or raw and try to add in your salads and soups.

4. Oils – you must be very careful with oils and always use oils that are obtained
from plants. Instead of using butter you better use safflower, sunflower and olive
oils.

5. Nuts – they contain monounsaturated fats and eat them instead of snack
crackers and chips which contain Trans and saturated fats.
 Tips to control your high blood pressure

 6. Fish – this is very good to eat because they contain omega-3 fatty acids
which are said to be heart–healthy fatty acid and in this category salmon is a
good choice.

7. Meats – poultry is a better choice in this category and also remove its skin
before cooking.

8. Breads (whole grain) – it is very important to eat fiber rich and whole-
grain bread products and choose a bread which has at least 3 grams of dietary
fiber per slice.

9. Diary products – in this category reduced and more importantly nonfat

dairy products will reduce your plaque and cholesterol levels.

NOTE : Reduce salt intake in your foods and make sure that
low sodium intake is maintained well.
Recommended Exercises:
 Talk with your health care provider before
starting an exercise program and ask about any
changes to your medications or special
concerns they have about you doing exercise.
 Take all medications as recommended by your
physician.
 Choose low- to moderate-intensity activities
that you enjoy, such as walking, cycling or
group fitness classes. Exercising at a lower
intensity appears to reduce blood pressure as
much as—if not more than—exercising at a
higher intensity.
Recommended Exercises:
 Once your cardiovascular fitness begins
to improve, consider adding low-
resistance, high-repetition strength
training, such as circuit training.
 Start slowly and gradually progress the
intensity and duration of your workouts.
 Take frequent breaks during activity if
needed.
Exercise Cautions
 Always cool down gradually. Anti
hypertensive, such as alpha blockers,
calcium channel blockers, and
vasodilators, may reduce blood pressure
too much if exercise is ended abruptly.
 If possible, measure your blood pressure
prior to your exercise session. Do not
exercise if your resting systolic blood
pressure is greater than 200 mmHg or your
diastolic blood pressure is greater than 115
mmHg.
Exercise Cautions:
 Avoid holding your breath during weight
training because this can cause large
fluctuations in blood pressure and increase
the potential of passing out or developing
abnormal heart rhythms.
 Ifyour fitness level is low, start with shorter
sessions (10 to 15 minutes) and gradually
add five minutes to your workouts every
two to four weeks. Ideally, you should build
up to 30, five days per week.
Treatment & Management
 Adhereand comply with prescribed
medications to control high blood pressure.
 Regularcheck up and follow-up to attending
physician (Internal Medicine, Cardiologist,
Urologist, Diabetologist).
 Regularmonitoring of blood sugar, blood
cholesterol and urine albumin tests.
 Managed stress in work thru healthy ways
such as meditation, appropriate physical
exercise and positive social contact.
Did you know that?
 A woman’s heart is known to beat
faster than that of a man’s
because females tend to be
smaller than males and therefore,
have less mass to pump blood
into. The amount of pressure the
human heart uses to pump can
actually squirt blood up to 30
feet.
 Have a healthy
and loving heart
folks!
Thank you!