ECONOMICS
GROUP 6
Geographical Features of United
Kingdom
The United Kingdom (UK) is known for its diverse and varied geographical features. Here are
some of the key geographical features of the UK:
1. Islands: The UK is composed of several major islands, including Great Britain and Ireland.
2. Mountains and Hills:
•Ben Nevis: Located in Scotland, it's the highest peak in the UK.
•Snowdon: The highest mountain in Wales, located in Snowdonia National Park.
•Scafell Pike: The highest mountain in England, situated in the Lake District.
3. Rivers and Lakes:
•River Thames: One of the most well-known rivers in the UK, flowing through London.
•River Severn: The longest river in the UK, running through England and Wales.
•Lake District: A region in northwest England known for its numerous lakes and stunning
landscapes.
4. Coastline:
•The UK has a highly indented coastline with numerous bays, cliffs, and beaches.
•Jurassic Coast: A UNESCO World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast, known for its
geological significance and stunning rock formations.
5. National Parks:
•The UK has several national parks, including the Lake District, Snowdonia, the Peak District,
and the Scottish Highlands.
6. Urban Areas:
•Major cities like London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast contribute to the diverse geography
of the UK.
1
Capital and Currency
•Capital: London
• London is the capital city of the United
Kingdom and one of the world's most iconic
cities.
• It is a major global financial and cultural hub.
•Currency: Pound Sterling (GBP)
• The currency used in the United Kingdom is
the Pound Sterling, often simply referred to as
the Pound.
• The currency symbol for the Pound is "£".
2
Birth Rate and Death Rate
Birth Rate:
In the United Kingdom, the birth rate has fluctuated over the years due to
various factors such as social, economic, and cultural changes. Generally,
developed countries like the UK tend to have lower birth rates compared
to developing countries. This can be attributed to factors like increased
access to education, family planning, and changing social norms.
The current birth rate for U.K. in 2023 is 11.267 births per 1000 people,
a 0.49% decline from 2022.
Death Rate:
In the United Kingdom, the death rate has also evolved over time. Factors
such as advancements in medical care, improvements in public health,
and lifestyle changes have contributed to changes in the death rate.
Generally, developed countries tend to have lower death rates due to
better healthcare infrastructure and living conditions.
The current death rate for U.K. in 2023 is 9.46 deaths per 1000 people,
a 0.17% incline from 2022.
Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects
3
Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
Rate
Both infant mortality rate and life expectancy are influenced by a wide range of
factors including healthcare quality, access to clean water and sanitation, nutrition,
education, economic conditions, social support systems, lifestyle choices, and public
health policies.
The current infant mortality rate for U.K. in 2023 is 3.337 deaths per 1000 live
births, a 2.48% decline from 2022.
The current life expectancy for U.K. in 2023 is 81.77 years, a 0.15% increase from
2022.
Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects
4
Literacy Rate
The literacy rate in the United Kingdom is very high. The UK has
a well-developed education system, and the majority of its
population is literate. However, specific literacy rates can vary
based on factors such as age groups, regions, and definitions of
literacy.
In general, the literacy rate for adults (those aged 15 and above)
in the UK is nearly 100%. This means that the vast majority of
the adult population can read and write proficiently. The UK
places a strong emphasis on education and has a comprehensive
system of primary, secondary, and higher education institutions.
5
Occupational Structure
The statistic shows the distribution of the workforce across
economic sectors in the United Kingdom from 2011 to 2021. In
2021, 1.03 percent of the workforce were employed in
agriculture, 17.97 percent in manufacturing and 80.83 percent in
services. The same year, the total UK population amounted to
about 81 million people.
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6
Gross Domestic Product and Per capita
Income
GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the
economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the
products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or
for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
GDP for 2022 was $3,070.67B, a 1.66% decline from 2021.
GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of
gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus
any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making
deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural
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resources
GDP per capita for 2022 was $45,850, a 1.58% decline from 2021.
Data Source: World Bank
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Infrastructure and Technology
Advancement
Infrastructure:
1.Transportation: The UK has a comprehensive transportation network that includes well-maintained
roads, railways, airports, and ports. The London Underground (Tube) is one of the oldest and most
extensive metro systems in the world.
2.Energy: The UK has made efforts to transition to renewable energy sources. Offshore wind farms
have become a significant contributor to the country's energy generation. The UK has also been working
to phase out coal-fired power plants in favor of cleaner energy sources.
3.Telecommunications: The UK has a highly developed telecommunications infrastructure, including
widespread broadband and mobile network coverage. The rollout of 5G technology has been ongoing,
aiming to provide faster and more reliable mobile connectivity.
New work infrastructure construction in total increased in the year to 2021 by £7.3 Click icon to add picture
billion, with a large increase in new work road infrastructure of £5.6 billion
Technology Advancement:
During 2022, fast-growing UK tech companies have continued to raise at near-record levels (£24
billion), more than France (£11.8 billion) and Germany (£9.1 billion) combined. This takes the total
raised over the past five years to nearly £100 billion (£97 billion).
8
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) of the United Kingdom has increased
from 0.804 in 1990 to 0.929 by 2021, indicating that the UK has reached very
high levels of human development. HDI is a statistic that combines life-
expectancy, education levels and GDP per capita. Countries with scores over
0.800 are considered to have very high levels of development, compared with
countries that score lower.
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Standard of Living
1. Cost of Living in the UK for a Family of Four
The average cost of living for a family of four in the UK is between £4,000 and £4,500,
including the rent. It will change if you live away from the main cities. Your living cost
would also depend on how well you manage your finances; however, the main
expenses head like rent, food, transport, and tax should get covered in the above-
stated figure.
2. Cost of Living in the UK as a Family of Two or Shared by Two Individuals
For a family of two, the average cost of living in the UK is approximately £2,500 to
£3,000, including accommodation rent. Living together can help in sharing the rent
and bills of other utilities.
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3. Cost of Living in the UK as a Student
As a student, the average cost of living in the UK is around £1000 to £1600, including
the rent. It can be different depending upon the place you are living. It can be a single
flat where you live alone or a shared accommodation with a roommate.
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Ranking of Happiness with Life
In 2020/21 the happiness rating in the United Kingdom fell from an
average score of 7.47 out of ten, to 7.32 out of ten, the most significant
fall in this time period. There were also falls in life satisfaction and in how
worthwhile people felt, albeit not as severe.
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10
Geographical Features of The United Arab
Emirates (UAE)
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country located in the southeastern part of the
Arabian Peninsula. It is known for its unique blend of modern infrastructure, desert
landscapes, and coastal areas. Here are some of the geographical features of the UAE:
1.Desert Landscapes: The UAE is characterized by vast desert expanses, with the
Arabian Desert covering much of its land area. The most prominent desert is the Rub'
al Khali, also known as the Empty Quarter, which is one of the largest continuous sand
deserts in the world.
2.Coastal Areas: The UAE has a coastline along the Persian Gulf to the north, west,
and east.
3.Oases: Despite the arid nature of the desert, there are several oases scattered
throughout the UAE. These oases are areas where underground water sources have
allowed the growth of vegetation.
4.Mountains and Hills: The eastern part of the UAE is characterized by the Hajar
Mountains, which run parallel to the coast.
5.Sand Dunes: Sand dunes are a prominent geographical feature of the UAE's desert
areas
6.Islands: The UAE includes several islands in the Persian Gulf. One of the most well-
known is Abu Dhabi Island, where the capital city of Abu Dhabi is located.
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Capital and Currency
Capital of the UAE: The capital city of the United Arab
Emirates is Abu Dhabi. Located on the northeastern part
of the Arabian Peninsula along the Persian Gulf, Abu
Dhabi is the largest emirate in the UAE and serves as the
political, economic, and cultural center of the country.
Currency of the UAE: The currency used in the UAE is
the United Arab Emirates dirham, often abbreviated as
AED. The dirham is further divided into smaller units
called fils. The dirham is denoted by the symbol "إ. "دor
"AED."
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Birth Rate and Death Rate
Birth Rate:
In the UAE, the birth rate has been relatively high compared to many
developed countries. This can be attributed to factors such as a growing
population, a diverse and expanding expatriate workforce, and a
relatively young population.
The current birth rate for UAE in 2023 is 9.929 births per 1000 people, a 0.9%
decline from 2022.
Death Rate:
The death rate in the UAE has historically been relatively low compared to
many other countries. This can be attributed to factors such as a
generally high standard of healthcare, a relatively young population, and
a growing focus on health and wellness.
The current death rate for U.K. in 2023 is 1.785 deaths per 1000 people,
a 3.84% incline from 2022.
Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects
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Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
Rate
Both infant mortality rate and life expectancy are influenced by a wide range of
factors including healthcare quality, access to clean water and sanitation, nutrition,
education, economic conditions, social support systems, lifestyle choices, and public
health policies.
The current infant mortality rate for Uae in 2023 is 4.791 deaths per 1000 live
births, a 2.94% decline from 2022.
The current life expectancy for Uae in 2023 is 78.46 years, a 0.18%
increase from 2022.
Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects
14
Literacy Rate
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and
above who can both read and write with understanding a short
simple statement about their everyday life. UAE literacy rate for
2021 was 98.13%, a 2.6% increase from 2019.
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Occupational Structure
In 2019, the construction sector accounted for the highest
number of employed persons in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
at around 1.64 million, followed by the wholesale and retail
trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and personal and
household goods sector at around 1.1 million.
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Gross Domestic Product and Per capita
Income
GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the
economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the
products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or
for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
UAE gdp for 2022 was $507.53B, a 22.29% increase from 2021.
GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of
gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus
any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making Click icon to add picture
deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural
resources.
UAE gdp per capita for 2022 was $53,758, a 21.31% increase from 2021.
Data Source: World Bank
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Infrastructure and Technology
Advancement
Infrastructure:
The UAE has a sizable transportation and road infrastructure projects pipeline, including the $11
billion Etihad rail project, the $5.9 billion proposed hyperloop project between Dubai and Abu
Dhabi, the $2.7 billion Sheikh Zayed double-deck road project, and more
Technology Advancement:
The UAE has also attracted investments in emerging technologies, with the government's
investment in AI alone estimated to reach more than $33 billion by 2027. These investments
are bearing fruit and smart cities are sprining up with autonomous transportation systems,
advanced healthcare, and renewable energy.
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Human Development Index
The UAE's HDI value for 2021 reached 0.911 which put the country
in the 'Very High' human development category positioning it at 26
out of 191 countries and territories
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Standard of Living
•A family of four estimated monthly costs are 12,326.1AED without rent.
•A single person estimated monthly costs are 3,545.5AED without rent.
•Cost of living in United Arab Emirates is, on average, 20.6% lower than in United
States.
•Rent in United Arab Emirates is, on average, 35.1% lower than in United States
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Ranking of Happiness with Life
Based on the 2023 World Happiness Report, the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) was ranked 26st out of 149 countries in terms of
happiness levels. The UAE has consistently ranked among the
top 25 happiest countries in the world since the first report was
published in 2012.
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World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for
international public health. Established on April 7, 1948, the WHO's primary objective is to promote global
health, prevent the spread of diseases, and improve the overall well-being of people worldwide. Here's a
detailed overview of the World Health Organization:
Mandate and Mission:
The WHO's constitution defines its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible
level of health." Its mission encompasses a range of activities aimed at achieving this objective, including:
1. Healthcare Leadership and Policy Development
2. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
3. Emergency Response and Health Crises
4. Health Systems Strengthening
5. Research and Data Collection
The WHO is governed by its Member States, which currently number over 190. The highest decision-
making body is the World Health Assembly (WHA), which meets annually to set policies, approve budgets,
and elect the Director-General. The Director-General, the organization's chief executive, is responsible for
leading and managing the WHO's activities.
The organization's headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and it operates through a network of
regional offices and country offices around the world. These offices work to implement the organization's
strategies at the regional and national levels.
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution that plays a critical role in
promoting global monetary cooperation, ensuring stability of exchange rates, facilitating international
trade, and providing financial assistance to member countries facing economic difficulties. The IMF was
established in 1944 during the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (known as the Bretton
Woods Conference) held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA.
Here are the key aspects and functions of the IMF:
1.Membership
2.Monetary Cooperation and Exchange Rate Stability
3.Surveillance
4.Financial Assistance
5.Technical Assistance and Capacity Development Data and Research
6.Governance and Decision-Making
7.Conditionality
8.Debt Relief and Development
Overall, the IMF serves as a forum for international economic cooperation, a source of financial support
during crises, and a provider of economic analysis and policy advice. Its efforts contribute to the stability
and prosperity of the global economy. Keep in mind that developments in the IMF's activities and functions
can occur over time, so I recommend referring to the official IMF website or other reputable sources for the
most up-to-date information.
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Young Entrepreneurs of India
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Tilak Mehta
Tilak Mehta is India’s youngest entrepreneur. In just 15 years, he has
already achieved a turnover of Rs 100 crore per year. Mehta started his first
business when he was just 13 years old, and he started an online platform
that help students prepare for competitive exams.
His straightforward and original idea for paper n parcels is
a delivery service for all kinds of necessary, everyday items, from pick-up
to doorstep delivery. He has since then grown his business to become one
of the most successful young entrepreneurs.
Paper n parcel offers various services to help businesses with
their shipping and logistics needs. These services include parcel tracking,
order management, and shipping insurance. The company also offers
various value-added services to help businesses save time and money on
their shipping and logistics needs.
Paper n parcel has a team of experienced professionals in shipping and
logistics. The company has a strong track record of delivering quality
service to its clients. It has a wide network of partners and suppliers that
helps it to provide its clients with the best possible rates for their shipping
and logistics needs.
25
Shravan Kumaran & Sanjay
Kumaran
Shravan Kumaran, 18 year old boy studying 1st year Engineering his
brother Sanjay Kumaran, 16 year old boy studying 10th grade, in
Hiranandani Upscale school from Chennai, India, have been identified as
youngest Mobile Application Programmers in India and one of the youngest
in the World. They are FORBES 30 under 30 achiever award recipient. The
boys also have created a company called GoDimensions.
Shravan is CoFounder & President, Sanjay is CoFounder & CEO.
They have developed 7 applications that are available in Apples App Store.
They also have created 3 apps for Googles Android Play store. Recently
they launched their first app in the New Windows Mobile store as well.
These applications have got more than 70 thousand download all together
from more than 53 different countries. They are probably the youngest
programmers in the world.
They have been featured in many Indian & Internation magazines and news
papers they have been recipient of many awards, including being identified
as Top.100 Technovators of India. They were awarded as Young Achievers of
Digital India by CNN-IBN & CISCO in July 2016. They have been featured in
FORBES ASIA 30 Under 30 list.
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Thank you
