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Understanding the Rock Cycle

The document outlines the formation and characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma, sedimentary rocks result from weathered sediments, and metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure. It also discusses the rock cycle and includes examples of each rock type.

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Geniune Thagari
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37 views13 pages

Understanding the Rock Cycle

The document outlines the formation and characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma, sedimentary rocks result from weathered sediments, and metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure. It also discusses the rock cycle and includes examples of each rock type.

Uploaded by

Geniune Thagari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 1

EARTHS STRUCTURE
FORMATION OF ROCKS
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Candidates should be able to state and explain the formation
and characteristics of named igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks.
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• When magma (molten rock) from the mantle
and upper crust cools down, igneous rocks are
formed.
• Molten rock is called magma when its inside
the earths surface and its called lava once it
reaches the surface.
Intrusive Extrusive
• Intrusive rocks are formed • Extrusive rocks are formed
when molten rock from when magma reaches the
mantle fills the gap earths surface such as from a
between the tectonic plates volcanic eruption and cools.
under the earths surface. • This happens along
• This happens at the constructive plate boundary
destructive plate boundary (when two tectonic plates
(when two plates collide) move apart from each other)
• Example: granite • Example: basalt
• When magma cools down, crystals are formed. Crystals
usually form when the solution of minerals cannot absorb
anymore dissolved minerals.
• When rock cools down very quicky, such as extrusive rocks
which form on the surface, small crystals are formed.
• When rocks take time to cool down such as intrusive rocks,
larger crystals are formed.
Sedimentary Rocks
• Formed by the weathering of existing rocks at the Earth’s
surface.
• Sediments (small particles of rocks) accumulate into layers
and get pressurized due to the newer deposits above them.
• The sediments are transported by water and wind (erosion).
• Particles like clays, silts, sands, gravels and small boulders are
found in sediments.
• Important processes are: weathering and erosion,
accumulation , compaction and compression.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed under the sea.
• Examples: limestone, sandstone and shale.
• Limestone is formed from the remains of plants and animals.
Masses of shells of sea creatures accumulate on the seabed;
when they die, they build up layers of limestone rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
• Formed from existing rock when heat and/or pressure causes
changes in the rock crystals without melting it.
• The changes can be physical, chemical or both.
• Examples: marble and slate.
Homework
• What are the uses of
• Granite,
• basalt
• Limestone
• Shale
• Clay
• Marble
• Slate
Rock Cycle.
• A representation of the changes between the
three rock types and the processes causing
them.
IGNEOUS ROCKS

Magma Sediments

METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS


ROCKS

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