PAKISTAN MOVEMENT
ROLE OF QUAID-E-AZAM
INTRODUCTION
Hindus and Muslims had lived peacefully together in
India but after the British invasion in South Asia and their
support to Hindus,Life became very difficult for Indian
Muslims.In spite of the British and the Hindus cruelty ,they
could not put awedge into the Muslim unity and their love for
the national character.In fact,the creation of Pakistan owes
much to the dynamic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad
Ali
Jinnah and his immense struggle made the foundation of
Pakistan.
DEFINITION
The Pakistan movement ,also called Tehrik-e-
Pakistan;was a successful historical movement
during the first half of the 20th century against
British Raj and Indian congress to have an
independent Muslim state named Pakistan.It was
created from the separation of the north –western
region of the Indian subcontinent.This movement
was led by the leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah
FACTORS OF THE PAKISTAN
MOVEMENT
DESIRE TO ESTABLISH AN ISLAMIC
STATE
Islam is a complete code of life for Muslim who are eager
to implement it in their personal and collective life.
Islamic society cannot be implemented until it is free
from all other un-Islamic influences.
Therefore,Muslims of Indo-Pak sub continent demanded
a separate Islamic Homeland.
HISTORICAL COLUSSION
Hindu and Muslim historical collusion started when
Muhammad Bin Qasim, defeating Raja Dahir, founded
Islamic government in the subcontinent
It continued also during the British Regim.Hindus,
cooperating with British, tried to diminish Muslim
culture and their way of life
SHUDDI AND SANGATHAN
MOVEMENT
The differences between hindus and Muslims
reached to the peak when shuddhi and sangthan
Movements began. The shuddhi Movement aimed at
the mass conversion of certain groups of Muslims into
Hindus by force whereas the sangathan programed
sought to organize the Hindus into a militant force to
fight with the Muslims.
TWO NATION THEORY
The two nation theory played an important role for
demanding a separate Homeland according to which
Hindus and Muslims are the two nations and therefore
they cannot live together.Quaid-e-Azam once said,
“Hindus and Muslims though living in the same towns
and villages had never been blended into one nation.
They were always two separate entities.”
BIOGRAPHY OF QUAID - E - AZAM
Muhammad ALI Jinnah,also called Quaid -e-Azam
(Great Leader), was born on 25 December 1876 in
Karachi. He was a great man who founded Pakistan
represented the voice of one hundred million Muslims,
fought for their religious, social and economic freedom.He
served as the leader of the All India Muslim league in 1913,
Then as Pakistan’s first governer on 14 August 1947 until his
death on 11 September 1948.
AMBASSADOR OF HINDU-MUSLIM
UNITY
For about three decades since QUAID-E-AZAM entry into politics in
1906, he was an active member of both the National Congress,
and representative of all India-Muslim
League in 1920:
He believed in the unity of Hindus and Muslims and
worked for independence.
He worked to give Muslims a powerful voice in Indian
politics that to seek for a separate electorate.
Muslims interests in the subcontinent got to preserve their
MUSLIM LEAGUE REACTION TO
NEHRU REPORT
In 1928, Jinnah took a stand against Nehru Report that
included mainly;
. NO state of religion to restrict ISLAM practices
. NO separate electorates for any community that not
to let MUSLIMS control their provincial legislatures and
and be dependent.
. Federal set up government and all the miniorties are
ruled and controlled
continue
Hence, this gave Jinnah the ultimate realization that
muslim has to have a
separate nation in the sub continent.
MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH drafted his fourteen points in
1929 which became
the core demands of the MUSLIM comunity
QUAID’S FOURTEEN POINTS(1929)
1. The form of the future constitution should be federal
with the residuary powers vested in the provinces.
2. A uniform measure of outonomy shall be granted to
all provinces.
3. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies
shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and
effective representation of minorities in every province
without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or
even equality.
4. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than
one
third
5. Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate
electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time,
to abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate.
6. Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall
not in anyway affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the
NWFP.
7. Full religious liberty i.e. liberty of belief, worship, and observance,
propaganda, association, and education, shall be guaranteed to all
communities.
8. No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any
legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the members of
any community in that particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or
part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to that community or
in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible
practicable to deal with such cases.
9. Sind should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
10. Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Balochistan on the
same footing as in other provinces.
11. Provision should be made in the Constitution giving Muslims an
adequate share along with the other Indians in all the services of the State
and in local self-governing bodies, having due regard to the requirements
of efficiency.
12. The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the
protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of
Muslim education, language, religion and personal laws and Muslim
charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by
the State and by local self-governing bodies.
13. No cabinet, either Central or Provincial, should be formed without there
being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers.
continue
No change shall be made in the Constitution
14.
by the Central Legislature except with the
concurrence of the States constituting the
Indian Federation.
REORGANIZATION OF MUSLIM
LEAGUE
After Jinah’s 14 points rejection, he migrated to London
and the muslim league was on the hands of rich,
Landlords or some middle class intellectuals with
limited horizons .however ,Jinah returned and realized
that organizing the Muslims of India into one powerful
and dynamic is highly needed:
. QUAID united and activated the Muslim League as
the sole representative body
continue
He continued the struggle for freedom of
India
on constitutional lines
. IN 1937 ,election was held in British
India ,that
the Muslim League was 108 (about 22
percent)
seats out of a total of 492.
