Iron Deficiency
Anemia(IDA)
PRESENTED TO:
DR. RAFIA ANWER
PRESENTED BY:
TAHIRA MUQADDAS
CHAMAN JAVED
KHADIJA ARIF
AIMAN SAEED
Anemia
“Anemia is a problem of not having enough healthy red blood
cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues.”
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red cells that carries oxygen
from the lungs to all other organs in the body.
Having anemia can cause tiredness, weakness and shortness of
breath.
Types Of Anemia
Aplastic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Vitamin deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency
anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in
which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry
oxygen to the body's tissues.
As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron.
Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in
red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin).
As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of
breath.
Normal iron Content in body is 3-4 g.
Sign & Symptoms
Weakness
Pale skin
Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath
Headache
Cold hands and feet
Inflammation or soreness of your tongue
Brittle nails
Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or
starch
Poor appetite, especially in infants and children with iron deficiency
anemia
Causes of IDA
Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia are;
Blood loss
A lack of iron in your diet
An inability to absorb iron
Pregnancy
Morphology of RBCs in
IDA
Hypochromic red blood cells (examples shown with blue arrows) in a 24-year-old
woman with severe iron deficiency anemia. Note the occasional fragmented red cell
(black arrows). These cells, which are commonly seen in patients with severe iron
deficiency anemia have retained their central pallor, which distinguishes them from
the type of schistocytes seen in thrombotic microangiopathy (50x).
Morphology of RBCs
in IDAred blood cells (example shown with blue arrow) in a 24-year-old woman
Hypochromic
with severe iron deficiency anemia. The boxed area illustrates significant variation in cell
size (anisocytosis). P, platelet (100x, oil).
Morphology of RBCs
in IDAcells (one shown by blue arrow) in 44-year-old man with a history of iron
Pencil-shaped
deficiency anemia due to GI blood loss (50x).
.
Laboratory
Evaluation
Complete Blood Count(CBC), Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate(ESR) and Peripheral Blood Film(PBF)
Serum iron profile
B12 and folate levels
Bone marrow study(if needed)
Investigations to determine other causes of IDA(e.g., fecal occult
blood, colonoscopy, urine examination)
.
.
Blood Film
Typical findings on a blood film including hypochromic cells,
which differ in size (anisocytosis), and shape (poikilocytosis).
Blood film from a patient with iron deficiency, showing hypochromic
microcytic cells with anisocytosis and poikilocytosis
B12 and folate levels
B12 and folate are often checked in all patients presenting with anaemia
to rule out B12/folate deficiency, which typically presents with macrocytic
anaemia.
B12 and folate levels should be checked if:1
The anaemia is normocytic with a low or normal ferritin level
There is an inadequate response to iron supplements in proven iron
deficiency anaemia
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is suspected
The person is in an older age group (more at risk of pernicious anaemia)
Treatment
Pharmacological management
-Oral/Parenteral iron therapy
Non-pharmacological
-Blood transfusion
.
Thank You
