8 - ENGLISH - LS - Word Formation - VENUS
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venus.deguzman8 - ENGLISH - LS - Word Formation - VENUS
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venus.deguzmanWORD FORMATION PROCESS
Vocabulary
Word Formation Process
■How new words are being formed in the
language
■The process consists of a combination of
morphemes that are rule-governed (a new word
is formed)
PROCESSES WHERE NEW WORDS ARE
FORMED
■Major Word Formation Processes
(Processes that are formed frequently or commonly in the use of
the English language)
AFFIXATION
■Process of forming words by adding affixes
■English uses only prefixes and suffixes
sing + er = singer
un + real = unreal
COMPOUNDING
■Process that forms new words from two or more independent
words
■Examples of words formed by the compounding process:
girl + frien = girlfriend
d
text + boo = textbook
k
COMPOUNDING
Compound words may be hyphenated.
Step-mother
Follow –up
Tip-off
REDUPLICATION
■Process of forming new words either by
doubling an entire word (total reduplication)
or part of a word (partial reduplication)
■Total reduplication is extremely rare!
partial Humpty - dumpty
reduplication
hocus - pocus
REDUPLICATION
■Bling-bling
■Tum-tum
■Tick-tock
■Teeny-weeny
■Zig zag
■Chitchat
■Hip hop
■Pitter-patter
Acronym
■Words that are formed from the initials
of several words.
RAM = Random Access Memory
CD = Compact Disk
■LOL
■PPL
■BTW
■AMA
■IKR
■IDK
■FYI
■FAQ
■TBA
BLENDING
■Process of creating a new word by combining
the parts of two different words, usually the
beginning of one word and the end of
another.
motor + hotel = motel
camera + recorder = camcorder
TRY THIS ONE
■BREAKFAST + LUNCH =?
■VIDEO+LOG=?
■SMOKE+FOG=?
■BIOGRAPHICAL+PICTURE=?
CLIPPING
■Process of creating new words by shortening
parts of a longer word.
doctor doc
dormitory dorm
CLIPPING
■Gasoline---------gas
■Examination----------exam
■Gymnasium---------gym
■Hamburger =?
■Information =?
■celebrity=?
■Laboratory =?
Back Formation
■Back formation results when a word is formed from another
word by taking off a typical affix.
■A noun enters the language first and then a verb is “ back-
formed”.
■Editor – edit
■Television-televise
■Diagnosis-diagnose
■Escalator-escalate
conversion
■Also called as zero derivation, a kind of
formation involving the creation of a word
without any change in form.
■These are words that can be used as a
noun or a verb.
examples
■Email (n) messages
■ -I received an email from him today.
■Email (v) send an email
■ - You can email me at my normal address.
■Ink (n) colored liquid
■ -he used black ink.
■Ink (v) to make document, agreement
■ - The two parties have inked a deal.
For example:
■My grandmother bottled (verb) the juice and
canned (verb) the pickles.
■My grandmother put the juice in a bottle (noun)
and the pickles in a can (noun).
■She microwaved (verb) her lunch.
■She heated her lunch in the microwave (noun).
■The doctor eyed (verb) my swollen eye (noun).
Loan words
■It is a term taken from
another language
■These are borrowed word
examples
■Café comes from the French word for
“coffee”
■Renaissance in French means rebirth
■Siesta from a Spanish word means nap
■Karaoke – a Japanese word
■Karate- Japanese word
■Ninja- Japanese word means spy
