&

A CLOSER LOOK AT
CARBON TRADING
ACTIO
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 The Earth is ill
 Because of over-exploitation by human.
 The harmonic relationship between man
and the biosphere is manipulated and
destroyed.
 Population growth and industrial
activities cause pollution of environment.
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The Frequency of tropical storms increases dramatically since 1996.
 NASA scientists say global warming
will bring stronger thunderstorms.

Sparked by lightning, Idaho's Cascade

Complex Fire has been burning
since July 17, 2007.
 THE HEAT IS ON…

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC…YEAR 2006

Global Insured Losses from weather related
natural catastrophes, 1970-2005
HURRICANE-KATRINA
HURRICANE-KATRINA
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City of New Orleans after Hurricane-Katrina

 www.katrinadestruction.com

Homes Destroyed by Hurricane-Katrina

The World Largest Oil Rig Platform Tilted by Hurricane
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The Siberian Plans
Western Siberian Permafrost Extent
Thawing of Western Siberian
Permafrost
11 August 2005 – The biggest permafrost peat blog, the
size of France and Germany combined, is melting and turning
into wetland and lakes. This frozen peat blog trapped about 70
billions tones of methane, a quarter of world total methane
storage on land surface. If the wet blog dry as they warm, the
methane will be oxidized and carbon dioxide escapes into the
atmosphere. Otherwise methane, 20 times more potent than
carbon dioxide as greenhouse gas pollutant, will be released
directly into the air causing more climatic warming.
The melting is undoubtedly linked to man-made climatic
change and climatic cycle.
Similar melting of permafrost is found in Alaska.
Siberian Permafrost Landscape
Siberian Permafrost Melt
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Global warming causing climatic change resulted in spruce bark beetles
outbreak in southwestern Alaska devastating millions of hectares of spruce
trees forest.
EUROPEAN SPRUCE BARK BEETLES
EUROPEAN SPRUCE BARK BEETLES
EUROPEAN SPRUCE BARK BEETLES
EUROPEAN SPRUCE BARK BEETLES
 PINE
BEETLES

DEAD
TREES
 Spreading of Diseases

Washington Post Foreign Service

Friday, May 5, 2006: Global warming -- with an accompanying rise in floods and droughts --
is fueling the spread of epidemics in areas unprepared for the diseases, say many health experts
worldwide. Mosquitoes, ticks, mice and other carriers are surviving warmer winters and
expanding their range, bringing health threats with them
Malaria is climbing the mountains to reach populations in higher elevations in Africa and
Latin America. Cholera is growing in warmer seas. Dengue fever and Lyme disease are moving
north. West Nile virus, never seen on this continent until seven years ago, has infected more than
21,000 people in the United States and Canada and killed more than 800.
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Malaria Spreading
HELSINKI, Mon Jun 4, 2007 9:41AM EDT. Global warming is bringing more warmer-
climate creatures to Finland, including moths that feast on human blood. Insect-watchers
are spotting more and more calpe moths in the country, which used to be considered too
cold for the insects from southeast Asia. The species was first sighted in Finland in 2000,
but more than 100 of them have been counted since then.
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POLAR ICE CAP MELT
IN
YEAR 2000

POLAR ICE CAP MELT

IN
YEAR 2007
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Where have All the Glaciers Gone?
COLUMBIA GLACIER (1980) COLUMBIA GLACIER (2005)

ARAPAHO GLACIER (1898) ARAPAHO GLACIER (2003)

Upsala Glacier, Argentina
1
9
2
8

2
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0
4
 8 AUGUST 1941 30 SEPTEMBER 2004

Muir Glacier, Alaska

15 SEPTEMBER 1976 8 SEPTEMBER 2003

 Global Warming could snowball with the ice caps gone.
Ice caps are white, and reflect sunlight, much of which is reflected back into
space, further cooling Earth. ‘If the ice caps melt, the only reflector is the
ocean. Darker colors absorb sunlight, further warming the Earth.
 Thinning of the Artic Sea-Ice
The thickness sea-ice under the water is called the ‘draft’
and this is what scientists measure to see if there is more or less ice.
Since 1958, submarines have been patrolling the North Pole.
During each voyage, submarine crew measure
the thickness of the sea-ice draft.

Scientists have
evaluated this data
and it shows that
in the last 30 years,
the average ‘draft’
or depth of the ice
has decreased 40%
(1.3 meters).
The polar bear is standing jumping from an ice cube
that is being melted by global warming.
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Polar Bear in Water

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Polar Bear with Arm Floats

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 If the Greenland Ice Sheet melts, the impacts will be enormous. White areas in
this image of southern Florida show locales susceptible to a five-meter rise of sea
level, based on elevation. Yellow areas denote urban locations.
Rising sea level would
destroy weak parts of the
sand belt, which is
essential for the protection
of lagoons and the low-
lying reclaimed lands. The
impacts would be very
serious: One third of
Egypt's fish catches are
made in the lagoons. Sea
level rise would change the
water quality and affect
most fresh water fish.
Valuable agricultural land
would be innundated.
Essential groundwater
would be salinated.
RISING SEA LEVELS - FLOOD
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RISING SEA LEVELS - FLOOD

FLOOD VICTIMS
Like many atolls in the Pacific Ocean, Aitutaki in the Cook Islands rises only a few meters
above sea level. Several island nations, such as Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean and the
Maldives in the Indian Ocean, are composed entirely of low-lying islands and atolls, making
them especially vulnerable to rising sea levels. (Image courtesy of Laurie J. Schmidt)
 Polynesia islands - Tuvalu

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Polynesia Islands - Tuvalu

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Pillar Corals Mushrrom Corals Montastrea Star Corals
Cavernosa Polyps

Brain Corals
Corals cannot survive if the water temperature is too high. Global warming has already led
to increased levels of coral bleaching, and this is predicted to increase in frequency and
severity in the coming decades. Such bleaching events may be the final nail in the coffin for
already stressed coral reefs and reef ecosystems.

Coral Bleaching
 Healthy
Corals

Bleached
Corals
 Healthy Red
Corals Polyps

Bleached Red
Corals Polyps
 Healthy
Brain Corals

Bleached
Brain Corals
Healthy Scott Reef The Biggest Coral Die-Off of
Modern Times (Year 1998)

Bleached Scott Reef

Tropical Indian Ocean

(Lying between Indonesia &
Kimberley Coast)
Healthy Corals

Bleached Corals

Coral Damage
 Signs of Planet’s
illness
 Increasing frequency and magnitude of
natural disasters
 Global warming caused climatic changes
 Fresh water supply crisis
 Pollutions
Planet Earth - Our Only
Home
 There is no planet other than Earth suitable for
our livings.
 No one will be spared if the Earth is polluted
beyond repair.
 Human has been living in this planet Earth for
thousands of years but accelerating exploitation
of unreplenishable natural resources will
transform her uninhabitable in decades.
WHAT IS GLOBAL
WARMING?
 What is Global
Warming?
Gradual increase in earth’s ocean and near surface air temperatures.
The earth is getting warmer.

RISE IN THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

Research by world scientists found that:
 On average the Earth is warming. Its temperature has risen
by around 0.6ºC over the pass 100 years
 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
set up in 1988 to asses global climate change and its impact,
in It's Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature
may rises, by the end of the 21st century (year 2100), by
1.4ºC to 5.8ºC (2.5ºF to 10.4ºF).
The Earth is Getting Warmer
GLOBAL TEMPERATURE
OF
YEAR 2000

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE
OF
YEAR 2007
Increasing in Global Temperature
 Is the Earth Getting
Hotter?
Yes.

Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the

past 50 years the average global temperature has increased
at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientists think that
the trend is accelerating because the 10 hottest years on
record have all occurred since 1990.
The hottest 22 years on record have occurred since 1980,
and 2005 was the hottest on record.
 IPCC Evidence of Global Warming
Increase in global average surface temperature of about 1°F in the 20 th century.

The Global Temperature Changes

Source: Brohan, P.,J. J. Kennedy, I. Haris, S. F. B. Tett, and P. D. Jones. (2006). Uncertainty estimates in
regional and global observed temperature changes: a new dataset from 1850. Journal of Geophysical
Research. 111:D12106, doi:10.1029/2003JA009974.
IPCC Evidence of Global Warming

Examples of observed climatic

changes
Decrease of snow cover and
sea ice extent and the retreat of
mountain glaciers in the latter
half of the 20th century.
 IPCC Evidence of Global Warming
Examples of Observed Climatic Changes
 Rise in global average sea level

Change in Mean Sea Level

Graph Source: Cazennave, A., and R. S. Nerem. (2004). Present-day Sea Level Change: Observations and
Causes, Rev. Geophys, 42, RG3001, doi10.1029/2003RG000139.
IPCC Evidence of Global Warming
Examples of Observed Climatic Changes
Increase in the frequency of extreme climatic events in some regions of the
world

North Atlantic Tropical Storm 10-year Running Average

 The Earth does not belong to us.
Instead, we belong to the Earth.
But, the future of the Earth is in our hands.
CLOSER LOOK AT……

CARBON TRADING