NATURE AND SCOPE
OF RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
PROBLEMS
DANILO T. EBIT
Rural, sub-urban and Urban
Communities:
◦Rural areas are those settlement with less than 5000
people
◦Sub-urban
◦Urban are those settlement with more than 5000
people
Rural, Urban, Suburban
◦Rural: relating to
country area with a low Austin Stephens and Tristan Talley
population. Often refers
to agricultural areas of
a state or country.
◦Urban: relating to a
large city. Nashville, TN
and Dallas, TX are urban
areas
◦Suburban: relating to
residential areas
surrounding a large city.
Most major cities have
suburbs
Rural, Urban or
Suburban
◦Suburban relating to residential
:
areas surrounding a large city. Most
major cities have suburbs
◦Shopping malls, parks, paved roads,
walk to school, apartments, single
family houses
◦Less crowded, less cultural activities
than urban, Hickory Hollow Area of
Nashville
Meaning of Rural Development and
Related Concept
◦What is Rural
Development ?
Rural Development:
◦Rural Development connotes overall development of rural areas
with a view to improve the quality of life of rural people in a
collective process. It is a result of various interplay of factors such
as physical, technological, economic, socio-cultural and
institutional.
◦As a discipline, it is multi-disciplinary in nature representing
intersection of agricultural, social, behavioral and management of
science. It is a process of bringing change among rural
community from the traditional way of living to progressive way of
doing things.
◦In the context of empowerment and participation, (Chambers,
2006) defines rural development as a strategy to enable a
specific group of people, poor rural women and men, to gain for
themselves, and their children more of what they want and
need.
◦It involves helping the poorest among those who seek a
livelihood in the rural areas to demand and control more of the
benefits of rural development.
◦Rural development ensures the modernization of the rural
society and the transition from its traditional isolation to
integration with the national economy. It is concerned with
increased agricultural production for urban and international
markets.
Harriss (1982) cited that rural development
can be defined as a policy and a process:
◦Rural development as a policy and as
process. Rural development has emerged
as a distinctive field of policy and practice
and of research in the last decade, and
particularly over the eight or nine years
since the inception.
What is a rural Development
Problems?
◦Rural Development Problem is a
condition or set of conditions that hinder
the attainment of a desired quality of life
of a particular social group.
Why study Rural Development
Problems?
1. Rural development programs are intended to
solve rural development problems.
2. Proper diagnosis of a problem is essential to its
solutions.
3. The justification of a rural development programs
is dependent its relevance to the solution of rural
development problems.
4. Problem analysis is the firsts step in problem
solving.
What are the features of Problem analysis?
1. Manifestation of the Problem
These are the “symptoms” of the problem as viewed by
the clientele themselves and by outside observers.
2. Causes of the Problem
these are the factors or conditions that brought about the
problems. Usually the causes of rural development
problems. For instance, poverty may be caused by
unemployment , ill-health, and depleted natural resources,
all of which contribute jointly to the problem.
What are the features of Problem analysis?
3. Predisposing Factors
These are the conditions which may not actually be
the direct causes of the problem but they provide
the circumstances under which the problem can
occur or be further aggravated.
4. Effects
These refers to the result or the consequences of
the problem on the individual and the community or
country. Effects of rural development problems may
be categorized on the following criteria:
a. Desirability
1. desirable – good effects on the individual/community
2. undesirable – bad effects on the individual /
community
b. Time dimension
1. immediate – effects may be felt within one to two years
2. mid-term – within three to five years
3. long-term – after more than five years
c. Intent of planner
1. deliberate – intended or anticipated/ effects
2. accidental – unplanned; not anticipated/ effects
d. Spread of effect
1. direct – on the immediate beneficiaries
2. indirect – on other who may not be the intended
clientele.
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