Compounds
Learning Objective
To understand the difference between elements,
compounds and mixtures.
Success Criteria
• To identify the number of atoms and elements in a compound.
• To compare the properties of elements and compounds.
• To classify substances as elements, compounds and mixtures.
When Elements Combine
Photo courtesy of W. Oelen
Photo courtesy of W. Oelen
(@[Link]
(@[Link]
/File:Sodium_metal_chunks_in_oil.jpg) -
/File:Chlorine_in_bottle.jpg) - granted
granted under creative commons licence
under creative commons licence -
- attribution
attribution
sodium chlorine
Sodium is a silver-coloured metal Chlorine is a poisonous,
that is soft enough to cut with a yellow-green gas with a strong
knife. smell.
It is very reactive and reacts It was used as a chemical weapon
violently with water. in the First World War.
What do you think will happen when these elements react?
Suggest the properties of the substance that would be
produced.
When Elements Combine
When sodium and chlorine react, they chemically combine to form
sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride is a compound.
Sodium chloride is a white
crystalline solid that dissolves in
water.
It is commonly added to food.
The properties of the compound are very different to the properties of
the original elements.
Compound: A substance formed when two or more
different elements are chemically bonded together.
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration
iron sulfur
Dark grey particles which are Yellow powder which is not
attracted to a magnet. attracted to a magnet.
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration
iron sulfur
a mixture of iron and
sulfur
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration
Mixture: A substance consisting of two or more substances
not chemically combined together.
The two elements (iron and sulfur) have
been mixed. They are not chemically
combined.
They have the same properties as they did
before they were mixed.
A magnet can be used to separate the iron
from the mixture.
Mixtures
When the elements iron and sulfur are mixed, the two substances are
not chemically joined together. This is called a mixture.
a mixture of iron
iron sulfur and sulfur
In a mixture:
• The different substances are not chemically joined together.
• You can vary the amount of each substance. For example, you could
add more or less iron to the mixture.
• Each substance keeps its own properties.
• Each substance can be easily separated from the mixture.
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration
When iron and sulfur are heated in a flame,
they chemically combine to form a new
substance: iron sulfide.
Iron sulfide is a compound.
The properties of the compound are
different to the properties of the original
elements.
The iron sulfide forms a solid, black lump.
You can no longer separate the iron from
the sulfur with a magnet.
Compounds
When the elements iron and sulfur react they combine (bond) to make
a new substance called a compound. The compound is called iron
sulfide.
+
iron sulfur iron sulfide
In a compound:
• The different elements are chemically joined together.
• You cannot vary the amount of each element. This means iron
sulfide will always contain equal amounts of iron and sulfur.
• The compound has different properties from the elements it is
made from.
• The elements can only be separated using chemical reactions.
Elements, Compounds and
elemen
Mixtures
elemen mixtur
t t e
iron sulfur iron and sulfur
elemen elemen compoun
t t d
+
iron sulfur iron sulfide
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Sort the cards into three piles. Be prepared to justify your choices.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Label each box with the correct key word: element, compound or
mixture.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
element compound mixture
s s s
Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for iron is Fe.
The chemical symbol for sulfur is S.
For every atom of iron in iron sulfide, there is one atom of sulfur.
So the chemical formula of the compound is FeS.
S Fe S Fe
Fe S Fe S
S Fe S Fe
Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for carbon is C.
The chemical symbol for oxygen is O.
Carbon dioxide is a compound made up
of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen.
So the chemical formula of the compound is CO2.
The number 2 is written subscript (this means it is smaller and written
below the line).
The number always comes after the atom it refers to. It tells us how many
atoms of that element are present in the compound.
If there are no numbers after an element symbol, we know there is only one
atom of that element in the compound.
Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for hydrogen is H.
The chemical symbol for oxygen is O.
Water is a compound made up of two atoms of
hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
What is the chemical formula for water?
The chemical formula for water is H2O.
Modelling Molecules
Each person in the class will be given an element symbol. You will
represent one atom of the element you are given.
On the next slide is a set of molecules. You have 30 seconds to
form one of the molecules shown by finding other atoms in the
class to bond with.
If you cannot make a molecule you will be out.
The remaining players will then have 30 seconds to form a
different molecule. If you cannot make a new molecule you will be
out.
The game will continue until there is a winning molecule!
Modelling Molecules
H2 O2 H2O
hydrogen oxygen water
CO2 CH4
carbon methane
dioxide
Modelling Molecules
Build each of the molecules below.
Which of the molecules are elements and which are compounds?
Atom Colours
H2 O2 H2 O
hydroge oxygen water hydrogen
n
oxygen
CO2 CH4
carbon
carbon
methane
dioxide
Modelling Molecules
Which of the molecules are elements and which are compounds?
Atom Colours
hydrogen oxygen (O2) water (H2O)
(H2)
element element compound hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
carbon dioxide methane
(COcompound
2) (CH 4)
compound
Chemical Formulae
Complete the tables to practise interpreting and writing chemical
formulae.
Chemical Formulae
Number of Number of
Compound Formula
Elements Atoms
ammonia NH3 2 4
methane CH4 2 5
sodium chloride NaCl 2 2
calcium carbonate CaCO3 3 5
sulfuric acid H2SO4 3 7
sodium
NaHCO3 4 6
bicarbonate
acetic acid CH3COOH 3 8
Chemical Formulae
Compound Number of Atoms Formula
1 atom of hydrogen and 1
hydrochloric acid HCl
atom of chlorine
2 atoms of carbon and 4
ethene C2 H 4
atoms of hydrogen
2 atoms of aluminium and
aluminium oxide Al2O
3 atoms of oxygen
3
1 atom of hydrogen, 1
nitric acid atom of nitrogen and 3 HNO3
atoms of oxygen
1 atom of sodium, 1 atom
sodium hydroxide of oxygen and 1 atom of NaOH
hydrogen
6 atoms of carbon, 12
glucose atoms of hydrogen and 6 C6H12O
atoms of oxygen 6
Compound and Mixture Properties
