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Pressure Presentation

The document provides an overview of pressure in mechanical engineering, defining it as force per unit area and discussing its various types, including absolute, gauge, and differential pressure. It highlights key principles such as Pascal's Principle and hydrostatic pressure, along with applications in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, and the importance of pressure measurement devices. Additionally, it addresses common problems related to pressure management and emphasizes the necessity of safety considerations in engineering practices.

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Muhammad Aqdas
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101 views10 pages

Pressure Presentation

The document provides an overview of pressure in mechanical engineering, defining it as force per unit area and discussing its various types, including absolute, gauge, and differential pressure. It highlights key principles such as Pascal's Principle and hydrostatic pressure, along with applications in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, and the importance of pressure measurement devices. Additionally, it addresses common problems related to pressure management and emphasizes the necessity of safety considerations in engineering practices.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Aqdas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Understanding Pressure in

Mechanical Engineering
• • Fundamentals and Applications
• • Prepared by: [Your Name]
• • Date: [Your Date]
Introduction to Pressure
• • Pressure (P) is defined as force (F) applied
per unit area (A): P = F / A
• • It is measured in Pascals (Pa), with 1 Pa = 1
N/m².
• • Other common units: Bar, atm
(atmosphere), psi (pounds per square inch).
• • Pressure is a crucial concept in mechanical
engineering, affecting structures, fluids, and
systems.
Types of Pressure
• • Absolute Pressure: Measured relative to a
perfect vacuum.
• • Gauge Pressure: Measured relative to
atmospheric pressure (e.g., tire pressure).
• • Differential Pressure: Difference between
two pressure measurements, used in flow
meters.
Atmospheric Pressure
• • Atmospheric pressure is the pressure
exerted by the weight of air above us.
• • At sea level, it is 101.3 kPa (1 atm) but
decreases with altitude.
• • Example: Higher altitudes have lower
pressure, affecting aircraft cabins and weather
patterns.
Pascal’s Principle
• • A change in pressure applied to an enclosed
fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout
the fluid.
• • This principle is the basis of hydraulic
systems such as car brakes, hydraulic presses,
and lifts.
• • Example: When you press a syringe, the
force is transmitted through the liquid inside,
pushing out evenly.
Hydrostatic Pressure
• • Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted
by a fluid at equilibrium due to gravity.
• • Formula: P = ρgh, where ρ = fluid density, g =
gravity (9.81 m/s²), h = height of the fluid
column.
• • Applications: Dam designs, submarine hulls,
water supply systems.
Pressure Measurement Devices
• • Manometers: U-tube, inclined tube for
measuring pressure differences.
• • Barometers: Used to measure atmospheric
pressure, essential for weather forecasting.
• • Bourdon Gauge: Industrial device used in
pressure vessels, boilers, and pipelines.
Applications in Mechanical
Engineering
• • Hydraulic systems: Used in heavy machinery,
car braking systems.
• • Pneumatic systems: Used in air compressors
and industrial automation.
• • Boilers and steam systems: Pressure
management is crucial for safety and
efficiency.
• • Aircraft cabin pressure regulation ensures
comfortable and safe air travel.
Common Problems &
Considerations
• • Overpressure concerns: Excess pressure can
lead to system failure; safety valves and relief
systems prevent damage.
• • Material selection: Pressure vessels must
withstand stress without failure.
• • Pressure losses in piping: Due to friction,
bends, and obstructions; engineers use
calculations to minimize these losses.
Conclusion & Summary
• • Pressure is fundamental in mechanical
engineering, influencing fluid mechanics,
structures, and safety.
• • Understanding absolute, gauge, and
differential pressure is critical for real-world
applications.
• • Applications in hydraulics, pneumatics, and
industrial processes demonstrate its
importance.
• • Always consider pressure safety factors in

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