GO O D DAY

CLASS
SIR JELO
 Activity 1. Find the
Error
Instruction: Pictures will be flashed
in the screen, and you have to
identify what is wrong with the
pictures.
What is the error in this
picture?
What is the error in this
picture?
What is the error in this
picture?
What is the error in this
picture?
 th e s a m p l i n g
Defin e s
u ti o n o f th e
distrib
sample mean for normal population
when the variance is
a) known
b) u n k n o w n
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson the students should be

able to:

a) Identify the formula being used to estimate

the standard error of the mean
b) Determine whether the statement is known
or unknown
c) Solve known or unknown -population
 Sampling Distribution of the sample
mean for normal population

In sampling distribution of the

sample mean for normal
population (σ² known), we let µ x̄
and σ be mean and variance for
the sampling distribution of the
sample mean (x̄).
 Simple Random of size n

If a simple random sample of size n

is taken from a normal population
with mean and variance σ², then the
sampling distribution of x̄ is normal
with mean µ and variance σ². In
symbols,
 IMPORTANT NOTICE
Since the mean of the sampling distribution of
x̄ is μ, x̄ is an unbiased estimator of μ.

If mean μ and standard deviation σ is known,

the sampling distribution is normal.

If the population distribution is normal, then

the x̄ sampling distribution is normal.
Distribution of sample mean for
normal population,
 EXAMPLE

Consider a population consisting of 1, 2,

3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11. Samples of size 3
are drawn from this population.
·Given: N = 9 and n
= 3 distribution when the variance is
·Sampling
known.
·The standard error
formula:
=
 EXAMPLE

Given the population mean of 12, and a

sample standard deviation of 3 in a
sample size of 125.
·Given: μ= 12 s = 3 and n =
125 variance is
·The population
unknown.
·The standard error
formula:
=
 Activity 2: Known and
Unknown
Instruction: Determine whether the
following statements have a known
or unknown population variance and
identify also the formula to be used
to estimate the standard error of the
mean
1. A population composed of
10 items whose measurements
are 12,11, 15, 8, 20, 23, 18, 13,
22, and 10. Samples of 6 items
are drawn at random without
replacement.
2. A manufacturer of lightbulbs
produces bulbs that last a mean of
800 hours with a standard deviation
of 100 hours. To assess the claim of
the manufacturer, a random sample
of 12 of these bulbs was tested and
found to have a mean of 790 hours.
He then used the test variate
3. An SHS teacher claims that the
average time it takes a group of
students to complete the mathematics
examination is 50.5 minutes with a
variance of 17.64 minutes². She
randomly selected 45 students and
found to have a mean of 52 minutes
and a standard deviation of 3.5
minutes. She then used the z-
 1. A population composed of 10
items whose measurements are
12,11, 15, 8, 20, 23, 18, 13, 22,
and 10. Samples of 6 items are
drawn at random without
replacement.
ANSWER ·Given: N = 10 and n =

Sampling6. distribution when the variance is

·The standard errorknown
formula:
 A manufacturer of lightbulbs produces
bulbs that last a mean of 800 hours with
a standard deviation of 100 hours. To
assess the claim of the manufacturer, a
random sample of 12 of these bulbs was
tested and found to have a mean of 790
hours. He then used the test variate
ANSWER ·Given: = 800 σ= 100 n = 12, x̄

= 790
·The population variance is
·The standard error
unknown.
formula:

S =
 3. An SHS teacher claims that the average time it
takes a group of students to complete the
mathematics examination is 50.5 minutes with a
variance of 17.64 minutes². She randomly selected
45 students and found to have a mean of 52
minutes and a standard deviation of 3.5 minutes.
She then used the z-distribution to find out if the
group can complete the exam faster than the
population.
·Given: μ = 50.5 = 17.64 n = 45
ANSWER = 52 and s = 3.5.
·The population variance is
·The standardknown.
error formula:

=
 Activity 3: What are
we
Instruction: Determine whether the
statement is known variance or
unknown variance.
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

1. Let's consider a population of

students taking a standardized test. We
don't know the population mean score
(μ) or the population standard deviation
(σ). We take a random sample of 25
students (n = 25) and find a sample
mean score of 75 and a sample
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE
2. Imagine we don't know the average test
score of all students, but we take a sample
of 25 students and find an average score of
75 with a standard deviation of 10. We can
use the t-distribution to approximate the
distribution of sample means, which will be
centered around the unknown population
mean, with a standard error of 2 and 24
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE
3. The historical volatility (variance) of a
stock's price is often used in financial models
to predict future price movements and assess
risk. Financial analysts use this known variance
to calculate things like Value at Risk (VaR)
which estimates potential losses in a portfolio.
For example, if a stock's historical volatility is
known to be 20%, this information is used in
option pricing models and risk management
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

4. A company manufactures
widgets, and they know from
past records that the average
weight of a widget is 10 grams
with a standard deviation of 0.5
grams.
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

5. A researcher is studying the

effects of a new fertilizer on plant
growth. She has a group of plants
that received the fertilizer and a
control group that did not. She wants
to see if there is a difference in the
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

6. A teacher wants to know if

students who study for more than 3
hours for a test score higher than
those who study for less than 3
hours. She has the test scores of all
her students and the number of hours
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

7. A doctor is treating a patient

with a rare genetic disorder. There
is limited research on the disorder,
and no previous data is available
on the effectiveness of different
treatment options.
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

8. A pollster wants to
estimate the percentage of
voters who will vote for a
particular candidate in an
upcoming election. She plans
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

9. A marketing team is testing two

different versions of a website to
see which one leads to higher
conversion rates. They have data
on conversion rates from previous
versions of the website.
 KNOWN VARIANCE
OR UNKNOWN VARIANCE

10. A pharmaceutical company is

conducting a clinical trial to test the
effectiveness of a new drug for treating
migraines. They are comparing the
frequency of migraine headaches in
patients taking the new drug to those
taking a placebo. They have access to
ANSWER
[Link] variance
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[Link] variance
10. Known variance
 RECAP

How we determine whether

the following statements have
a known or unknown
population variance?
 Quiz
Instruction: answer the following
question write your answer in a ¼
sheet of paper. Answer only.
1. This distribution is used to determine the
probability of an event by transforming the mean
of the sample to an approximately standard
normal variable when the population variance is
given.
a. T- Distribution
b. z – distribution
c. chi – square distribution
d. Pearson correlation coefficient
 a. z =

[Link] of the following b. z =

equations is the
formula used to c. t =
estimate the numerical
characteristics of the d. t =
population where the
population variance is
unknown, and the
sample size is less than
30?
3. Which of the following formulas is used to
calculate the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean (for infinite
population) when the population standard
deviation
a. = is given?
b. =
c.=
d. =
4. The average family income in the Philippines
in 2019 was P22,250 with a standard deviation
of P1,250. In a certain municipality, a sample of
50 families had an average income of P25,000.
This situation is about the sampling distribution
of the sample mean where the population.
a. Variance is known
b. Variance is unknown
c. Standard deviation is small
d. Standard deviation is large
5. A researcher used to develop a problem-
solving test to randomly selected 100 Grade 11
students. From this sample, the mean and
standard deviation is 90 and 4 respectively. The
mean of the population is 88. The researcher is
in a situation of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean wherein the population.
a. Variance is known
b. Variance is unknown
c. Standard deviation is small
d. Standard deviation is large
ANSWER

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A
TH A NK YOU

&
G O O D BY E