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Oxidation Number Lesson

The document explains oxidation numbers, which indicate the charge an atom would have if electrons were fully transferred, and outlines specific rules for assigning these numbers in compounds. It also differentiates between oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) with examples. Additionally, practice problems are provided for determining oxidation numbers of various elements in different compounds.

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16 views6 pages

Oxidation Number Lesson

The document explains oxidation numbers, which indicate the charge an atom would have if electrons were fully transferred, and outlines specific rules for assigning these numbers in compounds. It also differentiates between oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) with examples. Additionally, practice problems are provided for determining oxidation numbers of various elements in different compounds.

Uploaded by

sethy.kampoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Oxidation Number: Explanation

and Practice
Chemistry Lesson - Understanding
Oxidation States
What is an Oxidation Number?
• • The oxidation number (or oxidation state)
represents the charge an atom would have if
electrons were completely transferred.
• • It is useful for tracking electron transfer in
redox reactions.
• • It follows specific rules for different
elements in compounds.
Rules for Assigning Oxidation
Numbers
• 1. Free elements (O₂, N₂, Fe) → 0
• 2. Monoatomic ions → Charge of ion (Na⁺ =
+1, Cl⁻ = -1)
• 3. Oxygen → Usually -2, except in peroxides (-
1) and with fluorine (+2)
• 4. Hydrogen → +1 (except in metal hydrides,
where it is -1)
• 5. Fluorine → Always -1
• 6. Sum in a neutral compound = 0; in a
polyatomic ion = ion charge
Examples of Oxidation Numbers
• • H₂SO₄: H = +1, O = -2, S = +6
• • KMnO₄: K = +1, Mn = +7, O = -2
• • Cr₂O₇²⁻: Cr = +6, O = -2
• • NH₄⁺: N = -3, H = +1
Oxidation and Reduction
• • Oxidation: Increase in oxidation number
(loss of electrons)
• • Reduction: Decrease in oxidation number
(gain of electrons)
• Example: Fe + Cl₂ → FeCl₃
• • Fe (0) → Fe³⁺ (+3) → Oxidation
• • Cl₂ (0) → Cl⁻ (-1) → Reduction
Practice Problems
• 1. Find the oxidation number of sulfur (S) in:
• a) H₂S b) SO₂ c) SO₄²⁻
• 2. Find the oxidation number of chromium (Cr)
in:
• a) Cr₂O₃ b) CrO₄²⁻ c) Cr₂O₇²⁻
• 3. Find the oxidation number of nitrogen (N)
in:
• a) NH₃ b) NO₂ c) NO₃⁻
• 4. Find the oxidation number of chlorine (Cl)

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