INDEX

Sr.NO Particular Page

Number
1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1-14

1. What is merger
1. Types of mergers
2. Reasons of mergers
3. Merits of a bank mergers
4. Demerits of a bank mergers
2. An over view of Indian Banking Sectors
3. Mega banks mergers list in India 2019 – 2020
Merger-1 Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank & Dena Bank
Merger-2 Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank Of Commerce &
United Bank Of India
Merger-3 Canara Bank & Syndicate Bank
Merger-4 Union Bank Of India, Andhra Bank & Corporation
Bank
Merger-5 Indian Bank & Allahabad Bank

2 Literature Review 15-16

3 Research Methodology 17-18

4 Data Analysis 19-38

5 Finding & Conclusion 39-40

Bibliography 41
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Mergers and acquisition are having both the aspects of the strategic management’s
corporate finance and management dealing with the buying of selling dividing and combining
the different companies of the similar entities.
After the merger the result is the transact the ownership and a control of a firm to
another.

M&A is defined as a restructuring of the result in some entity reorganization with having
the aim to provide growth or positive value. The consolidation of an industry or the sector
that occurs when the wide spread M&A activity concentrates the resources of many small
companies into a few larger ones such as occurred with the automotive industry between 1910
to 1940.

1. What is merger
 A merger is an agreement that unites two existing companies into one new
company.
 Mergers are commonly done to expand a company’s reach , expand into new
segments, or gain market share.
 All of these are done to please shareholders and create value.
 Merger is covered regulated/covered by the companies Act, 1856.
 Merger are been refers by finding an acceptable partners, determining upon how to
pay each other and also ultimately creating a new company, which is a combination
of both the companies.
1.1.1 Types of mergers

Conglomerate mergers

When two or more companies are engaged into unrelated business activities. After the
engaged the firm may be operate in the different industries or n different geographical regions.
Pure conglomerate merger involves two firms that have nothing in common. Mixed
conglomeratetakes place between organizations that, while operating in unrelated business
activities, are actually trying to gain product or market extensions through out the merger.

Congeneric Mergers

Congeneric merger is also known as Product Extension merger. When the two or more
companies are operate in the same market or sector with overlapping factors, such as
technology, marketing, production process , research & development . a product extension
merger is been achieved when a new product line from one company is been added to an
existing product line of the other company.

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Market Extension Mergers

When two companies that operates the same products but the complete in different
markets. Companies that engage into a market extension merger seek to gain access to a
bigger market so it is a bigger client base.

Horizontal Mergers

When the two companies are operating into the same industries with two or more
competitors offering the same products or services. The goal is to created a larger business
with the greater market share and economies of the scale since competition among fewer
companies tends to be higher.

Vertical Mergers

When the two companies that are produce parts or services for a specific finished products
merger, the union is reffered as a vertical merger . vertical merger is been occurs when the two
companies operating at different levels within the same industry’s in supply chain combine
their operations. The objectives is to increase synergies achieved through the cost reduction an
which results from merging with one or more supply companies.

2. Reasons For Bank Merger

 A key reason of bank merger is the weight of mounting bad loans over the years.
 Its creating globally stronger banks that doing away with needless overlaps in the
operations and infrastructure.
 In economies of scale to be bring down costs that have always been at the heart of any
consolidation drive.
 They aimed at the improving operating efficiency, accountability ,governance and
facilitate effective monitoring.
 They also aimed at creating next generation banks with a strong national presence amd
the global outreach accompanied to enhanced capacity to increase the credit to the
various important sectors of the economy.

1.1.3 Merits of A Bank Merger

 A large capital base would help the acquirer banks to offer large loans amount.
 This merger makes RBI to have better control on the system and the implementation of
policies will became easy.
 It will be easy of penetration to the market.
 Technological upgradation can be considered.
 Recapitalization need from the government to reduce.
 The cost of operation is been reduce with the help of merger.
 The professional standard is been improve.

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  It helps in improve the risk management.
 The geographically concentrated regionally present the banks to expand their coverage
with the help of merger.
 It provides better efficiency ratio for the business of operations as well as the banking
operation which is beneficial for the economy.
 Service delivery can be get improved with the help of merger.
 RBI will be watch banks on it’s performance , especially in the terms of NPA(Non-
Performing Asset) otherwise loans which are not recovered.
 Customers will have a wide range of products like mutual funds and insurance to
choose from the additional to the traditional loans and deposits.
 It NPA percentage of the bank is above prescribed norms, it will asked to merge with a
bigger bank to the case the situation as to combined capital of banks that will be
higher and there by reducing the NPA percentage.

1.1.4 Demerits Of A Bank Merger

 All different banks have different culture, systems, processes, procedures and that
merger will lead to clash of organizational cultures.
 Bank officials and unions of PSBs are against the merger due to the issues with the
employment, security, tenure , etc.
 There are few large inter-linked banks that can expose the broader economy to
enhanced financial risks.
 Employees of the larger bank does not be give equal treatment to the employees of the
smaller bank into new and the merged bank.
 The local identity of small banks are not that big.
 There is materialized and that the customers feel harassed initially that the banks are
working on it.
 It will take sometime to the customers to know that their banks are merged. Even
though it’s mandatory for the banks to inform to all their customer about the merger
some customer may miss the communication and get panic to see their branch board is
replaced with the new one.
 Acquiring banks have to handle the burden of weaker banks , resulting in risk
exposure.
 It is difficult to manage the culture and people of different banks.
 The idea of decentralization as many banks that have a regional audience to cater and
customers often the respond very emotionally to the banks acquisition.
 The large banks are more vulnerable to the global economic crises that bail outs
cripple the entire country’s economy.
 It too many mergers of banks and there by the customers that will have the less choice
to bank.
 The governing board of the new bank which could lead to employment issues that the
coping with the staffers disappointment that could be another challenge.

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 INTRODUCTION
1.2 AN OVER VIEW OF INDIAN BANKING SECTORS

In modern economy the importance of banks can not be neglected. Banking sector plays an
vital role in the economic development of the country. Banking sector are a financial
institution, which perform as various function like accepting deposits, lending loans to
agricultural & industrial concerns.

The banking industry worldwide to be transformed concomitant with a paradigm shift in the
Indian economy from manufacturing sector to nascent service sector. Indian Banking is as a
whole in the undergoing changes. Indian banks have always proved beyond the doubt that
adaptability to themselves into a agile and resilient organization.

The Banking sector has been seen ongoing mergers & amalgamation in recent years. The
Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) , the Central Government can create a scheme for the
amalgamation of any nationalized bank with any other nationalized bank or banking sector in
accordance with the banking companies Acts 1970 and 1980 (Acquisition and Transfer of
undertaking).

From the past three decades India’s banking system that has several outstanding
achievements to its credit. The most striking is it extensive reach. Indian banking system has
reached even to the remote corners of the country. One of the main reasons of India’s growth
process is that the Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the
country.

Previously an account holder had to wait for hours and hours at the bank counters for
getting a draft or withdrawing his own money. But today they has a choice. Further the most
efficient bank transferred money from one branch to another branch in two days. But now a
days it is simple as instant messaging or dials a pizza. Money has become the order of the day.

In India banks are playing a crucial role in the socio economic progress of the country after
the independence. Indian banks have been going through a fascinating phase through the rapid
changes that bought about by the financial sector reforms, which have been implemented in a
phased manner.

The current process of the transformation that should be viewed as an opportunity to

convert into a Indian banking that sound , strong and vibrant system capable of playing its
role efficiently and effectively on its own without imposing any burden on government.

The government has announced after the liberalization of the Indian economy that a
number of reform is measures on the basis of the recommendation of the Narasimhan
Committee to make a banking sector economically viable and competitively strong.

4
 1.3 Mega Bank Mergers List in India 2019 to 2020

Acquiring Acquired Bank Year of a merger

Bank

Bank Vijaya Bank, April 1, 2019

Of Dena Bank
Baroda

Punjab Oriental Bank April 1, 2020

National Bank Of
commerce,
United Bank
Of India
Canara Bank Syndicate Bank April 1, 2020

Union Bank Of Andhra Bank, April 1, 2020

India Corporation Bank

Indian Bank Allahabad Bank April 1, 2020

 Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on 30th August 2019 she announced the
consolidation of the State owned banks (PSBs) in which 10 PSBs being the merged to
form 4 bigger lenders to the strengthen the banking sector struggling with a bad loan.

 The aimed at clean up of the bank balancesheets and creating the lenders of global
scale that can be support the economy’s surge to$5 trillion by 2024.

 Done with two rounds of the bank cosolidation earlier, this is what we want to do for
the robust banking system and a $5 trillion economy.

 FM Sitharaman said that they are trying to build next generation banks, big banks with
the capacity to the enhance credit.

 The key factors for the mergers are the technological platform, cultural similarities,
customer reach, competitiveness, finance secretary Rajiv Kumar added.

5
 MERGER 1

History of Bank Of Baroda , Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank

1. Bank of Baroda

 On 20th July 1908, the Bank Of Baroda was established as a private bank by the
Maharaja of Baroda, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad lll.
 Headquarter of Bank Of Baroda is in Gujarat in Vadodara formerly
known as Baroda .
 In Maharashtra in Mumbai BOB has its corporate office. In the year
1910, the Bank Of Baroda as also opened their branch in Ahmadabad city.
 On 19 July 1969, Bank Of Baroda is nationalised by the
Government of India, along with the 13 other major commercial banks of India.

2. Vijaya Bank

 Vijaya Bank was established on 23 October 1931 by late Shri. A.B Shetty and other
entrepreneurial farmers of Bangaluru in Karnataka.
 On 15th April the Vijaya Bank wa nationalized. It has corporate office in
Karnataka in Bengaluru.
 In 1958 the bank became a scheduled bank.
 It merger with nine smaller banks on 1969-1968 to grew steadily into a
large India Bank.

3. Dena Bank

 Dena Bank was established on 26 May 1938 by Devkaran Nanjee’s family under
the name of Devkaran Nanjee Banking company Ltd.
 On December 1939,Dena Bank adopted its new name by Dena (Devkaran Nanjee)
Bank due to become a public company.
 Dena Bank Ltd was nationalized along with 13 other major banks and it become a
Public Sector Bank on July 1969.
 It has its headquarter in Mumbai Maharashtra .

AFTER MERGER OF BANK OF BARODA , VIJAYA BANK & DENA BANK

 On September 17, 2018 the Narendra Modi Government announced plans to

merger three public sectors banks Mumbai based Dena Bank. Bengaluru’s Vijaya
Bank and the Bank Of Baroda that has its head office in Vadodara Gujarat.
 The merger entity legal asserts of over rs 14 lakh crore, it will be India’s third
largest lender behind the State Bank Of India and HDFC Bank.
6
 On 2 January 2019, the government of India approved the merger of Bank of
Baroda with Vijaya Bank & Dena Bank. Under the terms of the merger, for every
1000 shares of Dena Bank & Vijaya Bank shareholders received 110 & 402 Bank
of Baroda equity shares , respectively , of face value. Vijaya bank & Dena bank are
merger into Bank of Baroda from 1st April 2019.
 The government has agreed to grant some Rs 5,042 crore to Bank of Baroda to
strengthen the merger financial position.
 Due to the merger of Bank Of Baroda its ranks second in India in terms of number
of branches. The number of banks kept under the prompt corrective action
framework by the RBI to four.
 Dena bank is among the five PSU banks kept under PCA watch over
burgeoning losses and NPAs. It is based on the third quarter results of Dena bank
& Vijaya bank
, the key credit metrics of the merger entity , with the exception of profitability ,
will be broadly similar to that of Bank of Baroda , according to a Moody’s report .
It also predicts that Bank of Baroda’s profitability will be dragged down by the
NPAs of
the other two banks. As per the market reports , cultural integration of the three
banks is been likely to remain an overhang on the bank’s near by term performance
. The back – end technology integration would , however to be relatively smooth as
all the three banks operate on the finacle CBS platform.
 The Bank Of Baroda is set 7,000 crore as a capital.
 The agenda of this merger was to reduce Non- performing assert (NPA). At the
time o the merger proposal the gross NPA ratio of Bank of Baroda , Vijaya bank &
Dena Bank were 12.4% , 6.9% & 22% respectively. Before the merger of Bank of
Baroda the entity would 40% more deposits and 44% more loans , but it would
also have 70% more distribution . So there would be more products and services
available to customers after merger. The total business of Bank of Baroda is
expected to be more than Rs 15 trilion after merger . The sign of merger is
expressing through this Financial Analysis.

7
 MERGER 2
HISTORY OF PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK, ORIENTAL BANK OF COMMERCE &
UNITED BANK OF INDIA

1. Punjab National Bank

 Punjab National Bank was founded on 19th May 1894. It is an Indian Multinational
Banking and financial services company.
 The several leaders are inclued The state owned corporation of Punjab
National Bank was based in New Delhi, India.
 It covered over 80 million customers , 6937 branches & 10681 ATMs across 764
cities. According to RBI, among state run banks in India, Punjab National Bank
topped in the number of loan fraud cases across the India.

2. Oriental Bank Of Commerce

 Oriental Bank Of Commerce was established on 19th Feb 1943 in Lahore and it was
founded by Late Rai Bahadur Lala Sohan Lal, the first chairman of the bank.
 On 15th April 1980 it was nationalized.
 The bank newly branches was formed in Pakistan that had to be closed down and the
registered office wa shifted from Lahore to Amritsar.
 The bank has a network of 530 branches and 505 ATMs spread throughout the India ,
and out of which 490 branches offer centralized banking solutions.

3. United Bank Of India

 United Bank Of India was established on 1959.
 It first branch was establish at Karachi.
 Union Bank was merged as United Bank.
 It has more than 1300 branches and it has 15 overseas branches.
 United Bank Of India has a good track record of 56 years.
 United Bank Of India has over all assets of Rs. 300 billion.

AFTER MERGER OF PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK , ORIENTED BANK OF

COMMERCE & UNITED BANK OF INDIA
 On 1st April 2020 Punjab National Bank(PNB) will takeover Oriental Bank Of
Commerce (OBC) and United Bank Of India (UBI) and to become the country’s
second largest lender after State Bank Of India (SBI) in terms of business and branch
network.
 The biggest chunk of recapitalisation that will go to PNB at Rs 16,000 crore , followed
by Union Bank at Rs 11,700 crore this two anchor banks for the merger.
 The synergy after the amalgamation will create a globally competitive in the next
generation bank, PNB 2.0 the bank said that in a release and the added that all
customers, including depositors, will be treated as the PNB customers.
 PNB 2.0 will be offering specified inter-operable services through all the branches and
all the platforms including mobile and internet banking it added.
 The amalgamated bank will be a wider geographical reach through 11,000 plus
branches, more than 13,000 ATMs, 1 lakh employees and a business mix of over Rs 18

8
 lakh crore.
 SS Mallikarjuna Rao , MD & CEO of Punjab National Bank that “The bigger
geographical footprint will help us to serve our customers more effectively and
efficiently”.
 The lender said that it has appointed ‘Bank Sathi’ at all the branches, zones, head
office that will address the customer concerns and assist them in choosing the right
products and services.
 It will also smoothen the customer transition, it added. A robust risk governance
mechanism has been set up to mitigate risks and to make the banking experience
secure and safe, PNB noted,
 PNB has unveiled a new logo following the merger of United Bank Of India and
Oriental Bank Of Commerce with it .
 The new logo will be bear distinct signages of all the three public sector lenders.

9
 MERGER 3
HISTORY OF CANARA BANK & SYNDICATE BANK

1. Canara Bank
 Canara Bank was established on 1906 by Subba Rao Pai and it was known Canara
Hindu Parliament fund in Mangalore.
 In 1910 the bank changed its name to Canara Bank.
 In 1969 this bank was nationalized.
 In 1979 Canara Bank inaugurauted its 1000th branch.
 Canara Bank became the 1th Indian Bank to get ISO certificate in 1996 for the ‘Total
Branch Banking’ for its Seshadripuram Branch in Bangalore.

2. Syndicate Bank
 Syndicate Bank was established on 1925 in Udupi, Karnataka it is the oldest and
major commercial banks of India. During the time of its established the bank was
known as Canara Industrial and Banking Syndicate Ltd.

 By the three visionaries Shri Upendra Ananth Pai. A businessman ,

Shri Vaman Kudva, an engineer and Dr.T M A Pai, a physician with a intention to
provide financial support to the local weavers.

 Syndicate Bank was nationalized in 19 July 1969 by the government of India.

 The headquartered of this bank was in the university town of Manipal India.

 It has 13 major commercial banks of India.

 The bank objective was to primarily to extend financial assistance to the local local
weavers.

AFTER MERGER OF CANARA BANK & SYNDICATE BANK

 On 1th April 2020 , the Syndicate Bank was merged with Canara Bank.
 After the merger Canara Bank has became the India’s fourth largest public sector bank.
 Canara Bank has take over Syndicate Bank by which the shareholders pf Syndicate
Bank get 158 shares for every 1000 shares of Canara Bank.
 After merger the banks will have 10,342 branches and 12,829 ATMs and Canara Bank
also worth 15.20 lac crore.
 They has a combined strength of 91,685 employees.
 The merger of this banks shall massively enhance the reach of banking sector to the
larger public and the financial inclusion activities currently underway.
 The integration would lower operating costs because of network overlap.
 After the merger these two banks has identical work cultures, and it is possible a
seamless integration.
10
 MERGER 4
HISTORY OF UNION BANK OF INDIA, ANDHRA BANK & CORPORATION
BANK

1. Union Bank Of India

 Union bank of India was registered on 11th November 1919 and it has limited company
in Mumbai and it was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi.
 ATMs was introduced firstly in India by union bank of India.

2. Andhra Bank
 Andhra bank is an Indian public sector bank.
 Andhra bank was registered on 20th November 1923.
 Andhra bank was founded by the eminent freedom fighter and the multifaceted genius,
Dr. Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
 It has more than 1900 branches, 15 extension counters and also more than 1100
automated teller machines.
 It has operates in 25 states and three Union Territories.
 Andhra bank has its headquarters in Hyderabad , India.
 Andhra bank has pioneer in introducing credit cards in the country in 1981.

3. Corporation Bank
 Corporation bank was founded in the year 1906 in Udupi in a small town of South
India.
 In 1980 Corporation Bank was Nationalized and been public in 1998.
 Corporation Bank holds a unique record of posting profits right from inception.
 FY 2010-11 uninterrupted dividend payment track record since inception and declared
highest ever dividend of 200%.

AFTER MERGER OF UNION BANK OF INDIA , ANDHRA BANK &

CORPORATION BANK
 on 1st April 2020 Andhra Bank , Corporation Bank merge into Union Bank Of
India.
 The central government is in exercise of the powers conferred by section 9 in the
banking companies Act 1970/1980 after consultation with RBI notified the
amalgamation of Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank into Union Bank Of India
Scheme 2020.
 Union Bank has become the country’s fifth largest public sector lender
after amalgamating Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank into Union Bank.
 From Wednesday the merger effective with harness rich individual legacies and forge
a dynamic shared future.
 After the merger all the employees, customers, and branches of Andhra Bank and
Corporation Bank will become the part of the Union Bank Of India .
 The merger is also the expected to generate cost and revenue synergies to the tune of
INR 2,500 crores over the next three years.
 The customers get the benefit of wider access to branches, ATMs, digital services and
credit facilities and also now in a much stronger position as a bank.

11
 The banks also offers a wide range of products and services to more than 120 million
customers across its over 9,500 branches and more than 13,500 ATMs.

 After combined they becomes the India’s fourth largest banking network and fifth
largest public sector bank.
 In order to minimize disruption , the account numbers , IFSC codes, debit/credit cards
and internet / mobile banking portals and login credentials will remain the same.

12
 MERGER 5
HISTORY OF INDIAN BANK & ALLAHABAD BANK

1. Indian Bank
 On 15th August 1907 Indian Bank was established as a part of the Swadeshi movement.
 It serve the nation with a team of over 18,782, dedicated staff of total business crossed
Rs 2,11,988 crores as on 31th March 2012 , operating profit has increased to Rs
3,463.17 crores on 31th March 2012 , Net profit has increased to Rs 1746.97 crores on
31th March 2012.
 It has also overseas branches in Singapore , Colombo including a foreign currency of
banking unit at a Colombo and Jaffna and 240 overseas correspondent banks in 70
countries.

2. Allahabad Bank
 In 1865 Allahabad bank was started in Allahabad and its headquarters of Allahabad
bank was in Kolkata.
 The first directors of the banks are Mr.G.Brown, Mr.T.Moss, Mr.S.Bird and Mr. A . W
. Wollaton.
 Allahabad Bank is the nationalised bank which has the more than 2500 branches
across the India.
 In the year 2013 it has the total business of 3.1 trillion and it has branches across the
world in Hong Kong and Shenzen.
 Allahabad bank is the oldest joint stock bank of the country.
 It has set up in Allahabad on 24 April 1865 by a group of Europeans.

AFTER MERGER OF INDIAN BANK & ALLAHABAD BANK

 On 1st April 2020 Allahabad Bank merger into Indian Bank.

 Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman had announced the merger of several pubic
sector banks in Budget 2020 held in March last year.
 The Indian banks announced a share of swap ratio of 115 equity shares of Rs 10 each
for every 1,000 shares of Rs 10 each of Allahabad Bank . as per the scheme the
Allahabad Bank was amalgamated into Indian Bank along with other nine PSBs
merged into four.
 Allahabad Bank has its headquartered in Uttar Pradesh’s Allahabad initially. In
presence of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh 45 years ago. Now its headquarters
was later shifted to Kolkata after 20 years of establishment.
 Allahabad bank has the largest number of fixed assets as to compared with other
banks. It has the largest number of 3,230 branches across the country primarily
located in UP
, Bengal in the second position, Bihar in the third position and Madhya Pradesh at
fourth with 150 branches.
 It was announced that a fair equity share exchange ratio of 115 equities of Rs 10 each
for every 1000 shares of Rs 10 of Allahabad Bank as a part of the merger of the latter
in the bank.
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 The board of directors, approved in the meeting that the share exchange ratio, subject
to statutory and the regulatory approvals.
 A grievance redressal committee headed by the retired judge of Madras High Court,
Chitra Venkataraman was formed to be address the grievances of minority of
shareholders individually and collectively holding at least one percent of the total paid-
up equity capital of one pf these two banks.

14
 CHATER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Sanjay Sharma & Sahil Sidana(2017)

In this research paper it expressed the impact of SBI merger on financial condition of SBI.
The SBI will get visibility at global level in the network increase of SBI & it is also able to provide
cheaper funds more easily. The gross & net NPA of SBI it will come down after merger with their
associate. The efficiency & effectiveness of the business it will increased because of single
management.

Kotnal Jaya Shree (2016)

In this research paper it expressed “the economic impact of merger and acquisition
on profitability of SBI” it various motives of merger in Indian Banking Industry. It was
compares pre and post merger financial performance of merging banks with the help
of financial parameters like gross profit margin, net profit margin, operating profit margin,
return on equity and debt equity ratio. Finally it express that the banks have been affected
positively but the overall development and financial illness of the banks can’t solved through
mergers and acquisitions.

Prof. Ritesh Patel & Dr. Dharmesh Shah(2016)

In this research paper it compared the financial performance of before and after
merger of banks through Economic value added approach and through others financial
paramenter like net profit margin, return on net worth , return on asserts, return on long term
funds , interest earned and total assets and it is not necessary that EVA approach is common
for all the other banks. They concluded that the financial performance od bank may be
improved after the merger. But if it past financial data are examined before merger, it can be
make merger fruitful.

Parveen Kumari(2014)
In this research paper it considered the merger and acquisition of banks as strategic approach
and told that the aim of the merger and acquisition of banks is increase credit creation and
make progressive. According to the gathered post merger data she concluded that the number
of branches & ATM, Net Profit , Deposit , Net worth have increased.

S. Devarajappa (2012)
This study is destined in identifying the various reasons for merger and acquisitions in India.
It also focused on pre and post merger performance of banks from the view point of return on
investment, ROCE, ROE. And this merger effect the helpful for surving of week banks by
merging into larger banks.

Ramon, A.A.,Onaolapo and Ajala, O. Ayorinde(2012)

In this research they examined the effects of merger and acquisition on the performance of
selected commercial banks in Nigeria . on the basis of gross earning , profit after tax and
deposit profit was chosen as financial efficiency parameters for the purpose of the study. The
findings indicated an enhanced financial performance leading to improved financial
efficiency. The
15
study is recommended that the banks should be more aggressive in marketing financial
products and also manpower training and re-training, investment in information technology
should be emphasized.
Azeem Ahmed Khan(2011)
In this study , the researcher focused on explain the various motives for mergers and acquisition in
India. The results of this study witnessed that mergers and acquisitions helped in declaration of
dividends to equity share holders.

Nisarg A Joshi and Jay M Desai

In this study it measured the operating performance and shareholder value of acquiring their
performance before and after the merger. The ratio analysis is used on the basis of operating profit
margin, Gross operating margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on capital employed , Return on Net
Worth, Debt-equity ratio, and EPS P/E for studying the impact. They also concluded the previous
studies , mergers do not improve performance atleast in the immediate short term.

Bhan Akhil (2009)

In this research paper it insight into the motives and benefits of the mergers in Indian banking sector.
This study examined eight merger deals of the Indian banks during the period of 1999 to 2006. The
results of the study is indicated that mergers have been efficient for the merging banks and they have
also created a value for the acquiring banks. Further it was concluded that in the Indian Banking
context the effect of mergers is not seen over a short period of time but over a considerable period of
time.

16
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Problem statement
 The banking industry has been experiencing major Merger and Acquisition in the recent years, with
the number of global players emerging through successive Merger and Acquisition in the banking
sectors. Only in today’s tough environment will large organizations thrive. Government banks are
in bad condition following demonetization. A lot of government banks have incurred huge losses
owing to bad loans, which the lenders have not been willing to recover because they have ruined
their company due to a range of factors, including demonetization. They have been discussions of
the closing of certain banks because, in such a case, the general public may have withdrawn
deposits from their accounts in a very risky circumstance. So , instead of shutting certain
banks, the government , in consultation with RBI, it has taken a brave decision to merge banks
through large- scale economy operations. By merging many public sector banks into few and with
efficient resources development, banks can be reinforced with a focus on upgrading services and
revenues, optimum utilization of staff, cost efficiencies and reduced NPAs . Therefore, the study
is taken up to know more details

2. Research objectives
 To study the pre and post merger financial performance of Bank OF Baroda
 To study the pre and post merger financial performance of Punjab National Banks
 To study the pre and post merger financial performance of Canara Bank
 To study the pre and post merger financial performance of Union Bank
 To study the pre and post merger financial performance of Indian Bank

3. Significance of the study

 The study is significant and useful as it has given the experience and knowledge about
the merger and acquisition in Indian banking sector and what are its impact on the
financial performance of the bank

4. Sources of data collection

 The study is purely based on secondary data taken from the annual reports of selected
units and other websites.
 All the data related to history , growth and development of selected banking industries, it
is been collected mainly from the books and magazine related to the banks and published
papers, reports, articles and from the various newspapers, and other journals.

5. Selection of sample
Sample size:- 3 Mega Bank Mergers List in India 2019 to 2020

Acquiring Bank Acquired Bank Year of a merger

Bank Of Baroda Vijaya Bank, April 1, 2019

Dena Bank
Punjab National Oriental Bank April 1, 2020
Bank Of
commerce,
United Bank Of India
Canara Bank Syndicate Bank April 1, 2020
Union Bank Of Andhra Bank, April 1, 2020
India Corporation Bank
Indian Bank Allahabad Bank April 1, 2020

1.6 Tools of analysis

 In this study SPSS Software is been used as statistical tool .
 This study is based on Ratio Analysis and Paired Sample T-Test
17
 1. Ratio Analysis
Ratio analysis is the important technique of financial analysis which shows the arithmetical
relationship between any two figures. A ratio , in general , is a statistical yardstick by means of
which the relationship between the figures can be compared and measured.
The ratios are operating profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on assets, return on equity ratio, cost
to
income, debt equity ratio, CASA ratio,

2. Statistical Analysis
In this study mean, difference and standard deviation as tools of statistical analysis and paired t-
test for judging hypothesis.

Paired T-test
Paired t-test is the way to test the comparison between two related samples, involving small
values of n that does not require the variances of the two population to be equal, but the two
population are normal that must be continue to apply. For a paired T-test it is necessary that the
observation of the

7. hypothesis of the study

Null Hypothesis:
There would be no
significant difference in
mean score of selected
units, before and after
merger
and acquisition.

Alternate Hypothesis:
There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger and
acquisition .

8. limitation of the study

 This study is purely based on only 5 selected banks.
 In this study the pre and post data of the selected merger banks are used.
 All the limitations of ratio analysis affect the study
 All the limitations of secondary data make an impact in the analysis because this study
is based on the data only
 For this study before and after merger 1 year data is been compare of selected units.

18
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
1) Operating Profit Ratio
 Operating Profit Ratio = Operating
Profit/Net Sales x 100
 Operating Profit Ratio is calculated by adding non-operating expenses and
deducting non- operating income from net profit.
 It is typically measures the operating performance and the efficiency of the
company.
 The poor operational performance of the company is been analysis in which there
is higher net profit ratio but the lower operating profit ratio.
 The profit is been increased because of other income and not the due.

Table 1
Operating Profit Ratio in selected Unit
Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of
(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB -20.82 -11.77 -9.05 81.9025

PNB -33.81 -16.61 -17.2 295.84
CB -13.30 -20.53 7.23 52.2729
UBI -23.24 -23.55 0.31 0.0961
IB -26.19 -22.83 -3.36 11.2896
Total -22.07 441.4011
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Operating Profit Ratio

-40

-30 -33.81
-26.19
-20 -22.83
-20.82 - 20.5 -23.2-423.55
-16.61 3
-10 -13.3
-11.77
0
BOB PNB CB UBI IN

Before Merger After Merger

19
 Analysis
 In this above chart of operating profit ratio in which Bank Of Baroda has lower ratio
(-11.77) after the merger and it has highest ratio (-20.82) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (-33.81) before merger and it has lower ratio (-
16.61) after merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (-20.53) after merger and it has lower ratio (-13.3)
before merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (-26.19) before merger and it has lower ratio
(- 22.83) after merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (-26.19) before merger and it has lower ratio (-
22.83) after merger.

Table 1.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of operating profit ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

5 x Y xy x Y XY
-23.47 -19.05 -4.41 7.49 4.89 9.27 4 -1.064 0.347 Ho

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -1.064 and p value = 0.347

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

20
 2) Net Profit Ratio
 Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit / Net Sales x 100
 This could be measured by modified for a use by non profit entity and it can
change the net assets were it is to be used in the formula instead of net profits.
 Net Profit percentage after the tax profits to net sales. The remaining profit after
all costs of production , administration and financing have been deducted from
the sales , and income taxes recognized.
 This is the best measures of the overall result of a firm , especially when there is
combined with an evaluation of how well it is using its in working capital.
 This ratio is commonly measured reported on a trend line, to be judge
performance over all time.
 And it is also be used to compare the results of a business with their competitors.
 Net Profit is not a indicator of cash flows, and since the net profit incorporates a
number of non-cash expenses such as a accrued expenses, amortization and
depreciation.

Table 2
Net Profit Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2
BOB -5.57 0.87 -6.44 41.4736
PNB -19.44 0.62 -20.06 402.4036
CB 0.74 -4.56 5.3 28.09
UBI -8.54 -8.11 -0.43 0.1849
IB -13.60 -6.98 -6.62 43.8244
total -28.25 515.9765
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Net Profit Rato

-25
-19.44
-20

-15 -13.6

-10 -8.54 -8.11 -6.98

-5.57
-4.56
-5
BOB PNB CB UBI IB
0
0.87 0.62 0.74
5

Before Merger After Merger

21
 Analysis
 In the above chart of Net profit Ratio in which Bank Of Baroda has highest ratio
(0.87) after merger and it has lower ratio (-5.57) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (0.62) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(- 19.44) before the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (0.74) before the merger and it has lower ratio (-
4.56) after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (-8.11) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-
8.54) before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (-6.98) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-13.6)
before the merger.

Table 2.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Net profit ratio

N means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
5 - -3.6320 - 7.69 4.19 9.438 4 -1.338 0.252 Ho
9.2820 5.65000

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -1.338 and p value = 0.252

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

22
 3) Return on asset
 Return on assert = Net Income / Total Assets
 The return on assets means that how much contribution of assets is been for
generating the return.
 If more the assets is says to be the good because by the employee than more the
assets the company can be earn more return and also the ratio will be more
positive.
 ROA is similar to return on equity but it doesn’t reflect the impact of a banks
leverage. Because the banks are typically leveraged by a factors of 10 to 1, in
order to generate a 10% return on equity, that a banks must earn the equivalent of
at least 1% on its assets.
 It has a long been one of the bank industry’s most commonly cited benchmarks.

Table 3
Return On Assets Ratio in selected Unit
Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of
(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB -0.33 0.05 -0.38 0.1444

PNB -1.28 0.04 -1.32 1.7424
CB 0.04 -0.30 0.34 0.1156
UBI -0.58 -0.56 -0.02 0.0004
IB -0.88 -0.45 -0.43 0.1849
total -1.81 2.1877
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Return On Asset Ratio

-1.4
-1.2 -1.28
-1
-0.8 -0.88
-0.6
-0.4 -0.58 -0.56
-0.45
-0.2 -0.3B3OB PNB CB-0.3
UBI IB
0
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.2
Before Merger After Merger

23
  Analysis
 In the above chart of Return On Asset Ratio, in which Bank Of Baroda has highest
ratio (0.05) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-0.33) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (0.04) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(- 1.28) before the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (0.04) before the merger and it has lower ratio (-
0.03) after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (-0.56) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(- 0.58) before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (-0.45) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-0.88)
before the merger.

Table 3.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Return On Asset Ratio

N means S.D d.f t-test Sig. (2- Result

tailed)
X Y XY X Y XY
-O.6060 -0.2440 -0.36200 0.50585 0.27952 0.61897 4 -1.308 0.261 Ho

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -1.308 and p value = 0.261

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

24
 4) Return on Equity
 Return on equity = net income / shareholder’s equity
 Return on equity is the most important metric in all of the bank investing.
 It can be measures profitability by dividing a bank’s net income by its
shareholders equity , higher the number , greater the return.
 Normally if we want to see a figure in excess of 10% , which is generally to mark
the threshold between long-term value creation and destruction.

Table 4
Return On Equity Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB -5.60 0.94 -6.54 42.7716

PNB -24.20 0.58 -24.78 614.0484
CB 1.16 -6.78 7.94 63.0436
UBI -11.92 -10.16 -1.76 3.0976
IB -15.66 -7.88 -7.78 60.5284
total -32.92 783.4896
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Return On Equity Ratio

-30

-24.2
-25

-20
-15.66
-15
-11.92
-10.16
-10 -7.88
-6.78
-5.6
-5
BOB PNB CB UBI IB
0
0.94 0.58 1.16
5

Before Merger After Merger

25
 Analysis
 In the above chart of Return On Equity Ratio , in which Bank Of Baroda has highest
ratio (0.94) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-5.60) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (0.58) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(- 24.20) before the merger.
 Canara bank has highest ratio (1.16) before the merger and it has lower ratio (-6.78)
after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (-10.16) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(-11.92) before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (-7.88) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-15.66)
before the merger.

Table 4.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Return On Equity Ratio

N means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
5 - -4.66 -6.58 9.66 5.09 11.90 4 -1.237 0.284 Ho
11.24

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -1.237 and p value = 0.284

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

26
 5) Cost to Income Ratio

 Cost to Income ratio is the measurement that is been used in the company in the order
to evaluate its efficiency.
 Cost to income is usually used in the microfinance institution or bank in order to measure
its operating cost that compared to the income it generates.
 In order to have a better analysis of a company’s performance in terms of efficiency . and the
microfinance institution or bank that may need to benchmark of the ratio to the historical
period of the industry average.
 The lower cost to income ratio that is better for the company’s performance. Likewise the
lower ratio is the more efficiency of the company that can achieve in the period.
 In order to reduce the cost to income of the company that needs to either increase its operating
income or reduce its operating costs. Operating costs include both personnel expenses and
administration expenses.
 Cost to Income Ratio = Operating costs / Operating Income

Table 5
Cost to Income(%) Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2
BOB 48.92 43.41 5.51 30.3601
PNB 58.80 41.81 16.99 288.6601
CB 38.78 40.83 -2.05 4.2025
UBI 45.76 46.11 -0.35 0.1225
IB 40.72 41.12 -0..4 0.16
total 20.1 323.5052
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Cost To
Income(%)
70

60

50

40

30

20

10
BOB PNB CB UBI IB
0
Before Merger After Merger

27
 Analysis
 In this above chart of Cost To Income in which Bank Of Baroda has highest ratio (48.92)
before the merger and it has lower ratio (43.41) after the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (58.80) before the merger and it has lower ratio
(41.81) after the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (40.83) after the merger and it has lower ratio (38.78) before
the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (46.11) after the merger and it has lower ratio (45.76)
before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (41.12) after the merger and it has lower ratio (40.72) before
the merger.

Table 5.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Cost To Income Ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
5 46.59 42.65 3..94 7.91 2.17 7.84 4 1.124 0.324 H1

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= 1.124 and p-value = 0.324

So, t>p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is significant
difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

28
 6) Earning Per Share
 Earning per share = Net income of the company / weighted average number of
shares outstanding
 Earning per share means it is generally considered to be the single most
important variable in determining a share’s price.
 A company’s profile allocated to each outstanding shares of a common stock.
Earing per share also serve as an indicator of a company’s profitability.
 An important aspect of earning per share that often to ignored is the capital that
is required to be generate the earning (net income) in the calculation.
 The two companies could be generate the same earning per share number, but
only one could do so that it will be less equity (investment) that a company
would be
more efficient of using its capital to be generate income and , all other things
are being equal , would be a “better” company.

Table 6
Earning Per Share Ratio in selected Unit
Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of
(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB -64.97 -46.70 -18.27 333.7929

PNB -30.00 1.00 -31 961
CB 8.00 -24.00 32 1024
UBI -25.00 -13.00 -12 144
IB -29.00 -9.00 -20 400
total -49.27 2862.793
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Earning Per Share Ratio

-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10 PNB CB UB I IB
BO B
0
10
20

Before Merger After Merger

29
 Analysis
 In the above chart of earning per share ratio , in which Bank Of Baroda has
highest ratio (-46.70) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-64.97) before the
merger.
 Punjab national bank has highest ratio (1.00) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-
30.00) before the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (8.00) before the merger and it has lower ratio (-
24.00) after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (-13.00) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(-25.00)before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (-9.00) after the merger and it has lower ratio (-29.00)
before the merger.

Table 6.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Earning Per Share Ratio
N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result
X Y XY X Y XY
- -18.34 -9.85 25.86 18.20 24.37 4 -0.904 0.417 Ho
28.19

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -0.904 and p-value = 0.417

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

30
 7) Debt Equity Ratio
 Debt Equity Ratio = total liabilities / total shareholders equity
 Debt equity ratio is measured the company’s financial leverage calculated by
dividing the total liabilities by a stockholders’s equity. By this it indicate that what
is proportion of equity and debt of the company is using to its finance aassets.
 It is also known as the personal debt/equity ratio, and this ratio can be applied to
the personal financial statement and also as well as as corporate ones.
 “Debt” is been involes borrowing money to be repaid, plus interest. “Equity” is
been involues raising money by its selling interests in the company.
 There is a high debt/equity ratio is generally means that a company is been
aggressive in the their financing their growth with debt. And this can be result in
volatile earning as a result of an additional interest expenses.

Table 7
Debt Equity Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB 15.07 15.37 -0.3 0.09

PNB 17.36 13.09 4.27 18.23
CB 21.53 20.27 1.26 1.58
UBI 18.92 16.44 2.48 6.15
IB 15.60 14.71 0.89 0.792
total 8.6 26.842
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Debt Equity Ratio

25

20

15

10

0
BOB PNB CB UBI IB

Before Merger After Merger

31
 Analysis
 In this above chart of Debt equity ratio, in which Bank Of Baroda has highest ratio
(15.37) after the merger and lower ratio (15.07) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (17.36) before the merger and lower ratio
(13.09) after the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (21.53) before the merger and lower ratio (20.27) after
the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (18.92) before the merger and lower ratio
(16.44) after the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (15.6) before the merger and lower ratio (14.71) after
the merger.

Table 8.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of ROCE Ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
17.69 15.97 1.72 2.62 2.69 1.73 4 2.215 0.091 H1

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

There would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= 2.215 and p-value = 0.091

So, t>p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is significant
difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

32
 8) ROCE (%) Ratio

 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) that is used in finance as a measure of returns that
a company is realizing from its capital employed.
 Capital Employed is the represented as total assets minus current liabilities. In other word
the value of the assets that contribute to a company’s ability to generate revenue.
 ROCE is a ratio that indicates the efficiency and the profitability of a company’s capital
investments.
 ROCE = Earning / Capital Employed x100
 The numerator is earning before interest and tax . that the net revenue after all the operating
expenses are deducted.
 The denominator (capital employed) that denotes the sources of the funds such as equity
and short-term debt financing which is used for the day-to-day running of the company.
 It is useful measurement for comparing the relative profitability of the companies.

Table 8
ROCE(%) Ratio in selected Unit
Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of
Bank Name (x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2
BOB 1.72 1.78 -0.06 0.0036
PNB 1.69 1.81 -0.12 0.0144
CB 1.56 1.32 0.24 0.0576
UBI 1.54 1.70 -0.16 0.0256
IB 1.78 2.14 -0.36 0.1296
Total -0.46 0.2308
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

ROCE (%)
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
BOB PNB CB UBI IB

Before Merger After Merger

33
 Analysis
 In this above chart of ROCE (%) in which Bank Of Baroda has highest ratio (1.78)
after the merger and it has lower ratio (1.72) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank has highest ratio (1.81) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(1.69) before the merger.
 Canara Bank has highest ratio (1.56) before the merger and it has lower ratio
(1.32) after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (1.70) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(1.54) before the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (2.14) after the merger and it has lower ratio (1.78)
before the merger.

Table 8.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of ROCE Ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
1.65 1.75 -0.092 0.104 0.293 0.217 4 -0.948 0.397 Ho

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

There would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -0.948 and p-value = 0.397

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

34
 9. Assets Turnover Ratio
 Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales Revenue / Total Assets.
 Asset turnover ratio means it include the ratio of a firm’s sales to its assets. Its
indicates that how well a firm’s assets are utilized in producing revenue.
 Assets turnover ratio takes into the account both the fixed as well as the current
assets to measure the overall efficiency in generation of the revenue with the
assets utilization.
 Higher ratio are the indicative of the efficient management and the utilisation of
the resources while low ratios are indicative of under-utilisation of the resources
and presence of idle capacity.

Table 9
Asset Turnover Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB 0.06 0.07 -0.01 0.0001

PNB 0.07 0.07 0 0
CB 0.07 0.07 0 0
UBI 0.07 0.07 0 0
IB 0.07 0.07 0 0
total -0.01 0.0001
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

Assets Turnover Ratio

0.072
0.07
0.068
0.066
0.064
0.062
0.06
0.058
0.056
0.054
BOB PNB CB UBI IB

Before Merger After Merger

35
 Analysis
 In this above chart of assets turnover ratio in which Bank Of Baroda has highest
ratio (0.07) after the merger and it has lower ratio (0.06) before the merger.
 Punjab National Bank is having equal ratio in both before and after the merger.
 Canara Bank is having equal ratio in both before and after the merger.
 Union Bank Of India is having equal ratio in both before and after the merger.
 Indian Bank is having equal ratio in both before and after the merer.

Table 9.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of Assets Turnover ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
5 0.068 0.070 -0.002 0.004 0.000 0.004 4 -1.000 0.374 Ho


 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -1.000 and p value = 0.374

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

36
 10. CASA ratio
 CASA ratio means current account and saving account .
 Current Account are those account in which it is specially for customers those who have to
carry out business and the large number of transactions in the account every day.
 In current account there is no restriction on the number of transactions.
 Savings bank accounts are specially for the individual persons or jointly individual
(joint account) , which has a limit of transaction at every day.
 For example when the cash withdrawn once at a day and 100 times deposition at every year.
 This account is the bank pay interest for example currency 4% interest rate on saving account.
 CASA Ratio = Deposits in Current & Saving Account / Total Deposits

Table 10
CASA Ratio in selected Unit

Bank Name Before Merger After Merger Difference Square Of

(x) (y) (x-y) Difference
(x-y)^2

BOB 35.81 35.03 0.78 0.6084

PNB 42.16 42.97 -0.81 0.6561
CB 29.18 31.37 -2.19 4.7961
UBI 35.97 35.46 0.51 0.2601
IB 35.90 36.51 -0.61 0.3721
total -2.32 6.6928
(source : Moneycontrol.com)

CASA Ratio
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
BOB PNB CB UBI IB

Before Merger After Merger

.
37
 Analysis.
 In this above chart in which Bank Of Baroda is having highest ratio (35.81)
before the merger and it has lower ratio (35.03) after the merger.
 Punjab National Bank is having highest ratio (42.97) after the merger and it has
lower ratio (42.16) before the merger.
 Canara Bank is having highest ratio (31.37) after the merger and it has lower
ratio (29.18) before the merger.
 Union Bank Of India has highest ratio (35.97) before the merger and it has lower
ratio (35.46) after the merger.
 Indian Bank has highest ratio (36.51) after the merger and it has lower ratio
(35.90) before the merger.

Table 10.1
Analysis of t-test in selected units under the study of CASA ratio

N Means S.D d.f t-test p-vales Result

X Y XY X Y XY
35.80 36.26 -0.464 4.59 4.21 1.184 4 -0.876 0.431 Ho

 Null Hypothesis: (Ho)

Their would be no significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after
merger and acquisition.

 Alternate Hypothesis: (H1)

There would be significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger
and acquisition.

At 5% level of significance , here t= -0.876 and p-value = 0.431

So, t<p

As t is less than p value so Null Hypothesis is (Ho) is accepted means there is no

significant difference in mean score of selected units, before and after merger & acquisition.

38
 CHAPTER 5
FINDING

 In operating profit ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (-33.81) in Punjab National
Bank and the lower ratio is (-13.30) in Canara Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (-
23.55) in Union Bank Of India and the lower ratio is (-11.77) in Bank Of Baroda.
 In net profit ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (0.74) in Canara Bank and the lower
ratio is (-19.44) in Punjab National Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (0.87) in Bank
Of Baroda and lower ratio is (-8.11) in Union Bank Of India.
 In return on assets before the merger the highest ratio is (0.04) in Canara Bank and lower ratio
is (-1.28) in Punjab National Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (0.05) in Bank Of
Baroda and lower ratio is (-0.56) in Union Bank Of India.
 In return on equity ratio before the merger the highest ratio id (1.16) in Canara Bank and the
lower ratio is (-24.20) in Punjab National Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (0.94) in
Bank Of Baroda and the lower ratio is (-10.16) in Union Bank Of India.
 In cost to income ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (58.80) in Punjab National Bank
and the lower ratio is (38.78) in Canara Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (46.11) in
Union Bank Of India and the lower ratio is (40.83) in Canara Bank.
 In earning per share ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (8.00) in Canara Bank and the
lower ratio is (-64.97) in Bank Of Baroda. After the merger the highest ratio is (1.00) in
Punjab National Bank and the lower ratio is (-46.70) in Bank Of Baroda.
 In debt equity ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (21.53) in Canara Bank and the
lower ratio is (15.07) in Bank Of Baroda. After the merger the highest ratio is (20.27) in
Canara Bank and the lower ratio is (13.09) in Punjab National Bank.
 In ROCE ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (1.78) in Indian Bank and the lower ratio
is (1.54) in Union Bank Of India. After the merger the highest ratio is (2.14) in Indian Bank
and the lower ratio is (1.32) in Canara Bank.
 In asset turnover ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (0.07) in Punjab National Bank,
Canara Bank , Union Bank Of India, and Indian Bank and the lower ratio is (0.06) in Bank Of
Baroda. After the merger the ratio(0.07) are equal in all the merged banks.
 In CASA ratio before the merger the highest ratio is (42.16) in Punjab National Bank and
the lower ratio is (29.18) in Canara Bank. After the merger the highest ratio is (42.97) in
Punjab National Bank and the lower ratio is (31.37) in Canara Bank.

39
 CONCLUSION
 The banking industry has been experiencing major Merger and Acquisition in the
recent years, with the number of global players emerging through successive Merger
and Acquisition in the banking sectors
 The current study indicates that the pre and post merger and acquisition of the selected
banks in India have no grater changes in profitability ratio in a few banks that are
satisfactory during the study period. But in future there are robust projections of
improvement in profitability. So the result is to specify that the mergers led to higher
level of cost efficiencies for the merging banks.
 Merger and acquisition is leads to the financial gain and the increase in price of target
banks . it is depends on the condition and the different situations that it will be increase
the share and the profit of acquirer or not.

 The primary purpose of the merger and acquisition is to reduce the competition and
protect in existing markets in the economy.

 Mergers are good for the growth and development of the country only when it does not
give rise to the competition issues.

 Merger and Acquisition impact on the shareholder value. The asset that are the structural
factors such as relative sizes of merging the partners, technique of the financing Merger and
Acquisitions and the number of bidders in Merger & Acquisitions that have the ability to
influence the realization of a M&As success.
 The importance of considering the size of a potential target, the method to be used in funding
of M&As. The structural factors acting autonomously the potential of influence the
shareholder value.
 The administration of the banks and the other organizations that intended to undertake merger
and acquisition that should seek to evaluate and that consider how these structural factors are
likely to impact on the achievement of the intended merger and acquisition.

 Mergers has improve the competition edge of the industry in order to complete with
the competitors in the global market but the merger shrink the industry because of the
number of firms reduces.

 Mergers help the banks to be strengthen their financial base and the access tax benefits
and the direct access to cash resources.

 In banking industry its helps the weaker banks to be strengthen their position by
merging with the bigger and stronger banks.

 The above study shows the impact of merger and acquisition on selected banks like
Vijaya Bank , Dena Bank merge with Bank Of Baroda, Oriental Bank of Commerce
and United Bank of India merged into Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank merged
with Canara Bank , Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank merged with Union Bank Of
India and Allahabad Bank merged with Indian Bank

40
 Bibliography

References
 Sanjay Sharma & Sahil Sidana (2017)
 Kotnal Jaya Shree (2016)
 Prof. Ritesh Patel &Dr. Dharmesh Shah (2016)
 Parveen Kumari (2014)
 S. Devarajappa (2012)
 Ramon, A.A.Onaolapo and Ajala, O. Avorinde (2012)
 Azeem Ahmed Khan (2011)
 Nisarg A Joshi and Jay M Desai
 Bhan Akhil

Website
www.google.com www.
moneycontrol.com
www.bankofbaroda.com
www.punjabnationalbank.com

www.canarabank.com
www.unionbankofindia.com
www.indianbank.com

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