RIZAL’S LIFE:
EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Presented by: MS. KHIMVERLY ANNE CRUZ
EXILE
Rizal’s life in Dapitan from
1892 to 1896
RIZAL’S EXILE
• Jose Rizal’s arrival in Manila on June 26,
1892 had become very sensational among
the Filipinos. His popularity feared the
Spaniards, and such paid careful attention
to his every move- all houses where he
had been were searched and the Filipinos
seen his company were suspected.
RIZAL’S EXILE
• As he had planned, on July 3, 1892
he founded LA LIGA FILIPINA in
the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in
Tondo, Manila.
La Liga Filipina
As embodied in the Constitution, the aims of the La Liga
Filipina were the following:
1. Unity in the whole archipelago into one compact and
homogeneous body;
2. Mutual protection in every want necessity;
3. Defense against all violence and injustice;
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and
commerce; and
5. Study and application reforms.
La Liga Filipina
• Motto: Unus Instar Omnimium (One Like
All)
• All Filipinos who have the welfare of their
country and their fellowmen were
qualified for membership.
• Membership fee: 10 centavos
RIZAL’S EXILE
• Four days after the civic
organization’s foundation, Jose
Rizal was arrested by the Spanish
authorities on four grounds:
1. For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and
articles;
2. For having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the
Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of
the Spanish orders;
3. For dedicating his novel El Filibusterismo to the three
martyrs (GOMBURZA) and emphasizing on the novel’s
title page that “the only salvation for the Philippines was
separation from the mother country; and
4. For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its
exclusion from the Filipino culture
RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN
• July 17, 1892- Rizal, together with his
guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero,
arrived in Dapitan.
• Rizal was given a choice to live in the
house of the Parish Priest, Fr. Antonipo
Obach or at Carnicero’s house.
RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN
• He could live in the Priest’s quarters only
if:
He publicly retracted his Masonic and
antichurch beliefs
He regularly participate in church rites
He conduct himself as a good Spanish
subject and a man of religion.
Captain Carnicero Fr. Obach
• Rizal and Captain Carnicero became
good friends.
• Rizal made a poem in honor of Don
Ricardo Carnicero’s birthday on August
26, 1892
Life in Talisay
• Carnicero and Rizal betted on the Lottery and won 20,000
pesos
• Lottery ticket number: 9736
• He used his money to build an octagonal house made up of
bamboo and nipa in Talisay
• Rizal built a school and accepted students with no tuition
• The other part was used for his eye clinic
• He also build a house for the ladies in his family who were
free to visit him in Dapitan
• Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow his
mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan.
Life in Talisay
• May 4, 1893 – Carnicero was replaced
by Captain Juan Sitges
• He did not want living with a deportee,
He assigned Rizal to live in a house near
the headquarters.
Life in Talisay
• Rizal fell in love with
the eighteen-year old
Josephine Bracken.
Life in Talisay
• Rizal and Josephine tried to have
themselves married in Catholic rites but
Fr. Obach required Rizal retract his
beliefs.
• Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at
Josephine with suspicion.
The End of Dapitan Exile
• When Cuba was under
revolution and epidemic,
Rizal wrote to Governor
General Ramon Blanco
offering his service as a
military doctor.
• Gov. General Ramon
Blanco approved the
request of Rizal on July 1,
1896
• At midnight of that day, he left aboard the
steamer Espana (Ship)
• The townspeople of Dapitan wept
because they considered Rizal as a
good son and neighbor
• August 6, 1896 – Rizal was not able to leave
immediately for spain since the vessel Isla de
Luzon already left.
• He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla
and stayed there for a month August 6 to
September 2, 1896
• At that time, Katipunan was already discovered
and the Philippine Revolution was already
raging.
• August 26, 1896 – Bonifacio and
Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution
(Sigaw ng Pugadlawin)
• In the afternoon, Governor General
Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the
first eight provinces for rising arms
Spain.
• Rizal received letters from Governor
General Blanco which absolved him from
all the blame for the raging revolution.
• He transferred to Isla de Panay which
was sailing for Barcelona, Spain
TRIAL
Arrest and Trial
ARREST AND TRIAL
• September 30 – the Isla de Panay had
already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and
was now sailing in the Mediterranean
• A telegraphic message was received
ordering that Rizal be placed under arrest.
• Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of Manila
who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who
was said to be spirit of Philippine Revolution.
ARREST AND TRIAL
• October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in
Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a prison-
fortress, Montjuich Castle
• Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be
shipped back to Manila.
• On the night of the same day, after the
interview, Rizal was taken aboard the Colon
which was loaded with Spanish troops sailed for
Manila.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez –
they exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer
in Singapore who could aid their friend.
• Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in
Singapore.
• Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the
judge in Singapore denied the request.
• Writ of Habeas corpus
• November 3, 1896 – the Colon arrived in
Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort
Santiago
• November 20, 1896 – Rizal was brought
before a Spanish military tribunal headed by
Colonel Francisco Olive
• Oral testimonies were taken and were used to
implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution
Rizal was charged with three crimes:
• Rebellion
• Sedition
• Formation illegal associations
• December 13 – the case was forwarded
to Governor General Camilo de
Polavieja
• Rizal’s actual trial began on December
26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of
Banners of the Cuartel de Espana in Fort
Santiago.
• Defending himself, Rizal presented
twelve arguments.
• The court judged Rizal guilty for the
charges and voted for the death penalty.
• December 28, 1896 – Governor General
Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant
ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in
the morning at Bagumbayan.
• Rizal signed it saying that he was
innocent.
Rizal’s Final Days
• Rizal was transferred to prison chapel
• Visitors:
Fr. Miguel Sedarra Mata – Rector of the Ateneo Municipal
Fr. Luis Viza- brought the image of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus
Fr. Antonio Rosell – he ate breakfast with Rizal
Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal thanked him
for his gallant services. (his lawyer)
Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon
Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived
Rizal’s Final Day
• Rizal gave an alcohol
stove to Trinidad which
was a gift from Pardo
de Tavera and
whispered to her in
English “There is
something inside”
• December 30, at 5:00 am Rizal had his last
breakfast, autographed his remaining books
which became his last souvenirs.
• Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage rites
of Rizal and Josephine
• Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de
Cristo by Thomas Kempis which he
autographed
• Afterwards, he wrote three farewell
letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and
Paciano
• Around 6:30 am, Rizal was taken from
cell and the march to Bagumbayan
began.
• A colonel took Rizal to the site of his
execution
• Rizal requested the firing squad to spare
his head which was granted
• He also requested to be shot at his front,
but it was denied
DEATH
The Execution
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse
and found that it was normal
• Rizal’s last words: “Consummatum
Est!” means “It is finished”
• The commanding officer ordered his men
to aim by means of his saber and there
was a simultaneous crack of gunfire and
Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop
on his back with his face facing the sun.
• The Spanish spectators shouted Viva Espana!
• The military band played Marcha de Cadiz
• Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery
where later it was traced by his sister. (Narcisa)
• The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in Higino
Mercado’s house in Binondo and were given to Dona
Teodora.
• His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal
monument in Luneta.
