The Respiratory

System

 By healing hands
 Respiration

• Definition:
It is the sequence of events that results in the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the
body cells
• Parts:
 External Respiration
 Internal Respiration
(Briefly discussed later)
Objectives
• What is Respiratory system
• Upper and lower Respiratory tract
• Functions of Respiratory system
• Processes of Respiratory system eg. Breathing
• External and internal Respiratory system
• Diseases related to Respiratory system
• Controls of these diseases
• Nursing intervantion
 Respiratory System
• Definition:
Respiratory System is the network of organs and tissues that helps
you breath. It includes your airway, long and blood vessels. The
muscles that power your lung are also the part of the respiratory
system These parts work together and Clean out waste gases
• Parts:
 Upper Respiratory system
 Lower Respiratory system
(Briefly discussed later)
Upper Respiratory tract
Upper respiratory tract includes;
• Nose
• Tongue
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Epiglottis
• Larynx
• Trachea
Nose :
The space inside the nose divided by a spectrum into nasal cavity , with
each half having an opening-nostril-on the face and another into pharynx
Pharynx :
It serve as a common pathway for air and food is important for both
breathing and swallowing
Epiglottis :
epiglottis is the flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the
tongue
Larynx :
maintain and open routes food and air , assists in the sound
Trachea :
production
Trachea (windpipe) is the airway that extends
from larynx to lungs
Lower Respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract includes;
• Lungs
• Bronchi (large airways)
• Brochioles (Small airways)
• Alveloi (Air sacs)
Lungs :
Each lung has a conical shape its wide , concave
base rests upon the muscular [Link] is
further divided as left and right lung
Bronchi :
The trachea divides into two bronchi , one to each lung , which
are kept open by cartilage rings
Bronchioles:
Bronchioles are narrower air tubes in which spirals of smooth
muscle gradually replace cartilage
Alveolar sacs :
air fills the alveolar sacs with every intake of breath and is forced
out as the lungs deflate
 Functions
 Gas exchange :
The main function of respiratory system is gas exchange.
We inhale oxygen from atmosphere/environment and exhale CO2.
 Warming :
We inspire air its be warm ,cool , moist and dry.
 when firstly air enter the respiratory tract and first its warm in nose
because of nasal mucosa [Link] which nasal have rich Blood
Supply That’s Why Those air enter the nose it may warm
 Humidifying air :
Firstly moist add moisture in add air called Humidifying air
Moisture adds through mucosa membrane present in respiratory tract
It moist dry air Because it create no problem in our respiratory tract
 Functions
 Olfaction
 Nostrils nose present olfactory receptor which sense its smell
 Vocalization
 Main role of speech is larynx/voice box otherwise pharynx ,
tongue , lips and other organs help for speech but larynx has
main role
 Regulation of acid-base
When expires CO2 , metabolic activity increases and large
amount of carbon prepared. When exhale carbon through acid-
base maintain balance and PH of body
 Functions
 Prevention of dust particles :
 Those air enter in our body through nose possible those are
have dust particles in it. So dust particles prevent.
Nose hair trapes dust particles.
Other way , dust particles stick the mucous membrane.
Other way , alveoli have macrophages present those have
engulf dust particles.
Other way , coughing reflex when a person cough , and
forcefully dust particles expires.
 Sneezing reflex , exercise.
 Respiration
It is the sequence of events that results in the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells. There is
two types of respiration.
 External Respiration
 Internal Respiration
o External respiration
Exchange of gases that take place between alveoli and
blood across the respiratory membrane is called external
respiration
o Internal respiration
Exchange of gases that take place between blood and
tissue across capillary membrane is called internal
respiration by the process of diffusion
 Diseases of Respiratory system
There are several diseases that occur in respiratory system here we discuss few such
as
1. Asthma 2. Emphysema
3. Lung cancer 4. Bronchitis
5. Pneumonia 6. Tuberculosis
• Asthma
“Asthma is a long term condition affecting the airways”
It involves inflammation and narrowing airway inside the lungs , which restrict air supply. It also
chronic disease
Symptoms:
• Wheezing
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
Causes:
• Bronchospasm
• Inflammation
• mucous production
Emphysema
It is define as damage of the wall and blood vessels of alveoli and
permanent enlargement of alveoli
Symptoms:
• Weight loss
• Headache
• Chest pain
• Cyanosis
Causes:
• Bacterial and viruses
• Allergy
• Air pollution
Lung cancer
Lung cancer can arise in any part of the lung but 90%-95% arise in
epithelial cell. Its livings in bronchi and bronchioles therefore its
known as bronchogenic carcinomas
Symptoms:
• Coughing up blood
• Weakness and fatigue
• Shoulder pain
• Shortness of breath
Causes:
• Lung diseases
• Nutrition
• Passive smoking