HUMAN BODY
SYSTEM
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
Different types of
systems in our
body
• Our body is one of the biggest
miracles of nature.
• It is a complex system of so
many different sub-systems that
work in harmony to ensure that
we remain healthy, happy, and
can reach our maximum
potential.
• Let us take a look at each of
these systems and what their
functions are.
The 11
systems of our
body:
• There are 11 organ systems
include the integumentary
system, skeletal system,
muscular system, lymphatic
system, respiratory system,
digestive system, nervous
system, endocrine system,
cardiovascular system,
urinary system, and
reproductive systems.
• Let us take a long at each of
these systems briefly:
The integumentary system is the largest organ of
the body.
It is about 15-20% of our total body mass.
1.
Integumentary
It is aSystem
very crucial (Skin,
part of our body as it acts as a
Hair, Nails)
barrier to physical, chemical, and biological
agents.
Individually all these organs play a crucial part in
preventing any external attack.
The skin prevents water loss and regulates body temperature.
It is important in transmitting the senses of touch, pain, and
pleasure and maintains body temperature by secreting sweat.
Our hair lubricates the scalp, which secretes pheromones and
cools or warms our heads. Finally, our nails protect our fingers,
which are a major tool used for protecting ourselves and
providing ourselves with food, shelter, and sensations.
Hence, we are the most vulnerable when the skin is
compromised by open wounds, allowing infectious agents into
the body.
This system is a
combination of the two
systems that give our
2.
body the mass and
Musculoskeleta
structure it requires to
l System
hold shape and do motor
functions.
This system protects internal organs and supports
the entire body.
Ribs protect the abdominal organs, the skull protects
the brain both of which are vulnerable to extreme
injuries.
3. Skeletal
It provides the framework and shape to our bodies.
System
(Bones, Joints)
Moreover, the skeleton also connects major muscles
allowing proper movement of the body.
Bones store minerals such as calcium and create
blood cells in the soft bone tissue called marrow.
a. Cardiac muscles-found in the heart and power the actions that
maintain blood flow through our body;
b. Smooth, or involuntary muscles- found in the heart and organs,
they surround the internal organs and are responsible for their
4. Muscular
movement such as moving food through the digestive tract; and
c. Skeletal, or voluntary muscles responsible for carrying out the
actions and movements caused by messages sent from our brains
System (Cardiac,
through our nervous system.
Smooth, and
Skeletal muscles are also responsible for maintaining posture and
producing heat.
Skeletal Muscles)
When muscles lack appropriate levels of oxygen they can cramp and
tear, creating pain. When not used they can atrophy and become
useless.
Diseases and disorders of the muscular system include muscular
dystrophy; fibromyalgia; tendonitis; multiple sclerosis; and muscle
strain or sprains; hernias.
All the clean fluids in our body are
5. Lymphatic
transported from the body back to the
blood and excess fluids are drained and
System (Red
debris from the tissues and cells.
Bone Marrow,
This isThymus,
done by the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic
It alsoVessels,
houses the whiteThoracic
Duct,
protecting Spleen,
blood(lymphocytes) that are involved in
our bodies from infection.
Lymph Nodes)
[Link]
The main goal of this system is the moderate our
breathing.
System –
The respiratory system focuses on collecting oxygen
(Nasal Cavity,
from the lungs and delivering it all over the body.
Pharynx,
It also disposes of carbon dioxide by breathing out
the waste products.
Larynx,
Lastly, it has a significant role in the functions of
speech and smell.
Trachea,
Digestive system (Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Liver,
Stomach, Small Intestine, Large
Bronchus, Lung)
The system is responsible for one of our
favorite things to do as humans,
beginning with our mouths, this system is
responsible for the breaking down and
7. DIGESTIVE
absorption of nutrients and the
elimination of the waste not utilized by
SYSTEM
the body.
Intestine,
It hones the responsibility of identifying
Rectum,
essentials Anus)
which minerals, vitamins, and other
from the foods we eat can be
absorbed and utilized or stored by the
body and which are to be disposed of and
carrying out those functions.
The nervous system comprises two parts- the central nervous
system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system.
8. Nervous
The former is made up of the brain and spinal cord, while the
latter is made up of all the nerves that lead into and out of the
System–
CNS to other parts of the body.
This system plays a very important role in our body as it is
(Brain, Spinal
responsible for all the other systems, such as digestion and
cardiac rhythm, and responds to internal and external changes,
such as activating muscles and breathing.
Cord, Nerves)
It also transmits information to the brain, such as pain and
external sensations.
– (Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid
Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Gland,
Pancreas, Ovary, Testis)
9. Endocrine
System
These are very important in making
hormones, which regulate most of the
processes in our body such as growth,
reproduction, metabolism, and even
the control of the amount of glucose in
our blood.
– (Heart, Blood Vessels)
10.
The heart, made of cardiac muscle, pumps
blood and blood vessels such as arteries and
Cardiovascular
veins, transport the blood to every part of our
body providing organs and muscles with
(Circulatory)
nourishment.
System
The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, waste, and more throughout the
body.
(Kidney, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Urethra)
11. Urinary
The urinary system has the task of removing all
the waste products of metabolism along with
other toxic substances from the body that are of
system
no use.
It is also responsible for maintaining the
balanced fluid volume in our bodies by regulating
the amount of water that is excreted,
maintaining the concentrations of electrolytes,
and normal pH levels of the blood.
The reproductive system mainly
functions to create human life.
Ovaries produce female sex
hormones and eggs.
Eggs are fertilized in the fallopian
12.
tube by sperm then travel to the
uterus, which provides the site for
Reproductive
growth.
Systems
The mammary glands produce milk
for the newborn.
