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Classical Conditioning Theory

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, first described classical conditioning in 1899 through his research on dogs' salivary responses to food, which earned him a Nobel Prize in 1904. His experiments demonstrated that dogs could learn to salivate in response to stimuli associated with food, such as the sight or sound of the lab technician. The principles of conditioning have various educational implications, including the formation of attitudes, good habits, and treatment of negative behaviors.

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16 views11 pages

Classical Conditioning Theory

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, first described classical conditioning in 1899 through his research on dogs' salivary responses to food, which earned him a Nobel Prize in 1904. His experiments demonstrated that dogs could learn to salivate in response to stimuli associated with food, such as the sight or sound of the lab technician. The principles of conditioning have various educational implications, including the formation of attitudes, good habits, and treatment of negative behaviors.

Uploaded by

SINDHU. V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classical

conditioning theory
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Pavlov, a Russian physiologist,
first described classical
conditioning in 1899 while
conducting research into the
digestive system of dogs.
He was particularly interested
in the role of salivary secretions
in the digestion of food and
was awarded the Nobel Prize
for Medicine or Physiology in
1904.
Pavlov’s Research
Pavlov used an apparatus
to measure the amount of
saliva produced when a
dog ate.
The flow of saliva
occurred naturally
whenever food was
placed in the dog’s mouth,
as salivation is an
involuntary, reflex
response.
Pavlov’s Method
• Dog was restrained in a harness
to avoid extraneous variables.
• Meat powder was placed directly
on the dog’s tongue or in the
bowl.
• A tube was surgically attached to
the dog’s cheek near one of the
salivary glands and a fistula was
made so that the saliva drained
straight out into a measuring
device.
• Further on, more sophisticated
measuring devices were used to
measure the speed of saliva flow.
What did Pavlov observe?
• Pavlov observed that the dogs • A stimulus is any event that elicits a
salivated not only at the sight of response from an organism.
the food, but also at the sight or • A response is a reaction by an
sound of the lab tech who had organism to a stimulus. In Pavlov’s
been preparing the food. experiment, the stimulus of food
• Pavlov was intrigued by these initially produced the response of
unintentional observations & he salivation.
decided to conduct further • Eventually the sight or sound of the
experiments. tech became the stimulus.
• His subsequent experiments
provided clear evidence of a form
of learning based on the
repeated association of 2
different stimuli.
Another example…
Factors affecting response conditioning
PRINCIPLES OF CONDITIONING
• PRESENTATIONS OF • REINFORCEMENT
TWO STIMULI • EXTINCTION OF CR
• UNCONDITIONED • SPONTANEOUS
STIMULUS GENERALISATIONS
• STRENGTH • INTELLIGENCE
OFUNCONDITIONED • SEX
STIMULUS
• AGE
• REPETITION
• RELEVANT CONSISTENT
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
• LANGUAGE &CONCEPTS • PRINCIPLE OF
• REWARD & ASSOCIATION
PUNISHMENT • USE OF AUDIO VIDEO
• FORMATION OF
AIDS
ATTITUDES
• GOOD HABITS
• TREATMENT OF
• ELIMINATION OF
DELINQUENTS
NEGATIVE ATTITUDE • MAKING
• PHOBIAS ADJUSTMENTS
• PRACTICE

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