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Unit IV Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential serious health risks such as heart attack and stroke. Key risk factors include high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes, while symptoms may be silent until significant blockage occurs. Management involves medications, lifestyle changes, and possible surgical procedures to improve quality of life and reduce complications.

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23 views11 pages

Unit IV Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential serious health risks such as heart attack and stroke. Key risk factors include high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes, while symptoms may be silent until significant blockage occurs. Management involves medications, lifestyle changes, and possible surgical procedures to improve quality of life and reduce complications.

Uploaded by

sehrish.ins
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Atherosclerosis

ALIA GUL
BSN 4TH
KMU INS
Introductio
n
Definition:
• Atherosclerosis is a condition
in which plaque builds up
inside the arteries, leading to
reduced blood flow (American
Heart Association, 2023).
Key Points:
• Plaque consists of fat,
cholesterol, calcium, and other
substances (World Health
Organization, 2022).
• • It can affect any artery,
including those of the heart,
brain, legs, and kidneys.
Causes

Risk Factors (Mayo Clinic, 2023):


• High cholesterol
• Hypertension (high blood
pressure)
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Family history of heart disease
Common Symptoms :
• Chest pain or angina
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
•Weakness in limbs
(especially in
peripheral artery
Sympto disease)

ms Silent Condition: Many


people have no
symptoms until the
artery is severely
narrowed or blocked.
How It
•Damage to the endothelium (inner lining of the
Develops:
artery) leads to plaque formation.
• Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the
Pathophysiolo arteries.
gy • This reduces oxygen-rich blood flow to organs
and
tissues.
•Ruptured plaque can lead to blood clots,
Medications:
• Statins (to lower cholesterol)
• Anti-hypertensives (to manage blood
Medical pressure)
• Antiplatelet drugs (to prevent clotting)
Manageme Lifestyle Changes:
• Healthy diet (low in saturated fats, rich in
nt fruits
and vegetables)
• Exercise (regular physical activity)
Procedures:
•Angioplasty: Balloon catheter is used to
open narrowed arteries.
Surgical • Stenting: Placement of a stent to
Manageme keep
nt arteries open.
• Bypass surgery: A healthyartery is
used to
bypass a blocked artery.
Nursing
Manageme
nt
Nursing Interventions:
• Monitoring vital signs and
symptoms.
• Educating patients on lifestyle
changes.
•Administering
prescribed medications.
•Monitoring for complications
such as clots or signs of heart
attack.
Serious Health Risks:
• Heart attack (National Institutes of
Health,
Complicatio 2021)
• Stroke
ns • Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
(American
Heart Association, 2023)
• Chronic kidney disease
Summar
y:
Atherosclerosis is a preventable condition
with appropriate lifestyle changes and
medical management.
Early detection and intervention are

Conclusion
critical in reducing complications and
improving quality of life.
References
• 1. American Heart Association. (2023). What is Atherosclerosis? Retrieved
from [Link]
topics/cholesterol/about- cholesterol/atherosclerosis

• 2. Mayo Clinic. (2023). Atherosclerosis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment.


Retrieved from https://
[Link]/diseases-
• conditions/atherosclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350569
3. National Institutes of (NIH). (2021). Understanding
Atherosclerosis Health and Complications. Retrieved from
its
[Link]
• 4. World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Global Statistics on
Cardiovascular Diseases. Retrieved from [Link]
topics/cardiovascular-diseases

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