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Overview of Muscle Cells and Functions

The document presents an overview of muscle cells, detailing their types (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac), structure, and functioning. Muscle cells, or myocytes, are specialized cells capable of contraction, derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development. The functioning of these cells involves nerve impulses triggering calcium release, leading to muscle contraction through interactions between myosin and actin filaments.

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29 views10 pages

Overview of Muscle Cells and Functions

The document presents an overview of muscle cells, detailing their types (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac), structure, and functioning. Muscle cells, or myocytes, are specialized cells capable of contraction, derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development. The functioning of these cells involves nerve impulses triggering calcium release, leading to muscle contraction through interactions between myosin and actin filaments.

Uploaded by

rjrajveer17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Muscle cells

Presentation by Anirban Bhattacharjee


Learning Objectives
01 INTRODUCTION

02 TYPE OF MUSCLES

03 STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE CELLS

04 FUNCTIONING OF MUSCLE CELLS

05 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
A muscle cell, also known as
a myocyte, is a
specialized animal cell which can
shorten its length
using a series of motor proteins
specially arranged
within the cell. Muscle
tissues are derived from the
mesodermal layer of
embryonic germ cell in a
process known as myogenesis.
TYPES OF MUSCLES
MUSCLES

SKELETAL MUS- CARDIAC


SMOOTH MUSCLES
CLES MUSCLES
STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE CELL
• A muscle cell is a com-
pact bundle of many
myofibrils.
• A specialized form of
the endoplasmic retic-
ulum, known as
the sarcoplasmic retic-
ulum, extends in and
around these myofibril
bundles
• The entire cell is covered
in a specialized cell
membrane known as the
sarcolemma. The sarco-
lemma has special opening
which allow nerve im-
pulses to be passed into
transverse tubules.
• Each sarcomere is made
primarily from thick and
thin filaments. Thick fila-
ments are made from re-
peating units of a protein
known as myosin.
• Myosin has small heads on
it which can bind to an
actin filament
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE CELLS
• To activate a muscle,
the brain sends an im-
pulse down a nerve
• The impulse is trans-
ferred to the nerve cell
and travels down special-
ized canals in the sarco-
lemma to reach the
transverse tubules.
• The energy in the trans-
verse tubules causes the
SR to release of the
Ca2+ it has built up,
flooding
the cytoplasm with
tropomyosin and cause it to
cover the myosin-binding
sites on the actin filament
• When Ca2+ is introduced into
the cytosol, troponin
will release tropomyosin and
tropomyosin will
slide out of the way. This
allows the myosin heads
to attach to the actin
filament.
• When many sarcomeres are
doing this at the same
time, the entire muscle con-
tracts.
CONCLUSION
IN A NUTSHELL:
INTRODUCTION What are they?
A muscle cell is
However, this is a gener- a special cell
alized version about which can con-
tract itself
how a muscle works What are their types?
TYPES
in skeletal muscle, sim- Three types-
skeletal, smooth
ilar processes control the
and cardiac
contractions of How do they look?
STRUCTURE
both cardiac and smooth They appear to
muscle. In cardiac muscle, be compact bun-
dle of fibers.
the impulses are in part
FUNCTION What do they do?
controlled by pacemaker They help in var-
cells which release im- ious movement
of the body parts
pulses regularly. Smooth
THANK
YOU

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