CRIME AGAINST
PROPERTY
Offences Against Property are
enumerated in Chapter Seventeen
of the Indian Penal Code, covered
under Sections 378 to 462.
BY NAUSHEEN NAQVI
These can easily be classified or considered under these
major accusations that are :
•Theft
•Extortion
•Robbery and dacoity
•Criminal misappropriation of property
•Criminal breach of trust
•Receiving of stolen property
•Cheating
•Fraudulent deeds and Disposition of property
•Mischief
THEFT:-
Section 378 of the Indian Penal
Code states that if any person,
with dishonest intention, moves
any those movable property out of
the knowledge of a person or who
owns it or is a legal owner of that
property without their consent or
permission or bringing into their
knowledge, those who perform
these kinds of activities are said to
commit theft.
Essential Ingredients to
commit this offence:-
•Those who are not loyal or have
inappropriate intentions to take one’s
property
•The property must be movable
•The property can be owned by one
without the knowledge of the owner
who owns without their consent
•There must be some movement of
the property to accomplish its taking
EXTORSION:-
As per Section 383 of the
Indian Penal Code, if any
person with an intention puts
any other person in fear of
injuring them when a person
tries to own a property in an
inappropriate manner that is
by either lying through
manipulation or by any other
illegal means getting signed or
getting the legal authorities of
the legal owner, commits
Essential Ingredients to commit
this offence:-
•Either by giving life threats or doing
some other illegal activities that can
cause one or more people life’s in
danger or can be dangerous; to the
owner or somebody else
intentionally
•Manipulating or in an inappropriate
manner or being dishonest to the
person who owns and forcing him to
deliver the valuable asset of the
person
ROBBERY:-
In a robbery, there is theft or
extortion. Robbery has been stated
under section 390 of the Indian
Penal Code. In ordinary language,
robbery means depriving a person
of their property. When there is any
wrongful or illegal activity that can
cause one’s life in danger or can
cause injuries to the owner or other
people around and the offender
who is doing it is doing it to gain
some valuable assets performing
DACOITY:-
Section 391 of IPC states
that if five or more people
jointly commit or attempt
to commit a robbery, it is
said to be dacoity. It is an
act of violent robbery
committed by five or more
people.
Essential Ingredients to
commit this offence:-
•There must be five or more members
acting conjointly
•There must be an instant robbery
•The dishonest intention with the use of
force
Criminal
Misappropriation of
Property:-
-If anyone dishonestly
misappropriates or converts to their
use, any movable property, they will
be imprisoned for a term of 2 years,
or with a fine, or both.
Essential Ingredients to commit
this offence:
•Dishonest misappropriation of
property
•
Criminal Breach of
Trust:-
A criminal breach of trust is said to be
committed if any person entrusted
with any property dishonestly
misappropriated it for their use.
Essential Ingredients to
commit this offence
•Delegation of property by one person
to another
•The offender makes misappropriation
or converts the property for
themselves
Receiving Stolen Property:-
If any person has any property whose possession
has been transferred through theft, extortion, or
robbery and it has been criminally
misappropriated, or in respect of which criminal
breach of trust has been committed, it is
considered as stolen property.
Essential Ingredients to commit
an offence:-
•It must be a stolen property
•Such property comes under the control of a person
legally, which stops it from being stolen property
•Whoever dishonestly receives any stolen property,
knowingly or having a reason to believe it to be
stolen, is supposed to be punished with
Cheating:-
If someone fraudulently or
dishonestly deceives a person to
induce that person to deliver a
property to any person or to consent
to retain any property is said to have
committed cheating.
Essential Ingredients to commit
this offence:-
•Deception
•Dishonest intention
•Causes damage
Mischief:-
A person commits mischief if they
destroy property knowingly, even if
unintentionally.
Essential Ingredients to commit
this offence:-
•Intention or knowledge must be
there to cause deprivation publicly
•Destructing any property
Conclusion:-
The right to have property and secure the property is the
constitutional right of everyone. The property may be of any
type, i.e., movable or immovable, tangible or intangible. It is
an offence to steal, extort, cheat, misappropriate, Criminal
Breach of Trust, Criminal Breach of Trust, Receive stolen
property, Cheating, Criminal trespass, mischief, or to do any
act with deceitful Intention on the property of others. The
offences against property are punishable according to the
penal laws mentioned above.
The IPC protects the property holder and creates an obstacle
to evils that plan to violate the rights of others by laying down
punishments and fines for various property-related offences.
THANK YOU
