Prepare

d by:
ABEGAIL JOY
M.
DEMONST
MATILLANO
RAT O R
BSED SCIENCE
- 4B
Prayer
RECAP
“Survival in
Changing
Worlds”
 “Survival in Changing
Worlds”

The goal of the game is to adapt

animals to changing environments,
helping them survive and reproduce
through generations.
 Rules and Gameplay
Phase 1: Starting in the Environment
Each group chooses an animal (e.g., Arctic fox, giraffe, frog, butterfly).

Phase 2: Environmental Change

Each group must decide how their animal would adapt to the new
environment by discussing traits or strategies (e.g., migration,
camouflage, dietary change).

Phase 3: Trait Selection

Groups can choose traits for their animal based on how they want to
adapt it to the new scenario.
If an animal cannot adapt effectively, it "loses" a round. If the
adaptation works, the animal "survives" and gets a reproduction token.
 Rules and Gameplay

Phase 4: Discussion
Each group share their reasoning behind their adaptations. For example:
"Our Arctic fox developed thinner fur to survive in warmer
temperatures."
"Our giraffe migrated to find water during the drought."

The group with the most "reproduction tokens" wins, symbolizing that
their species survived and thrived across generations. They will also
have a prize!
 Tiger
Drought

Trait: Nocturnal activity

Tiger may become more active at night to
conserve energy during the heat of the day.

Climate Change
Trait: Thick Fur and Fat Layer
Tigers in colder regions developed thick fur
and fat deposits for insulation.
Predators Increase Tiger
Trait: Stealth and Camouflage
Tigers developed Stealth and Camouflage helps
them blend into forest or grassland
environments, allowing them to ambush prey
and avoid detection by other predators.

Deforestation

Trait: Stealthy Nature

Tigers developed the Stealthy Nature ability
to navigate and hunt in dense vegetation,
which helps them survive in fragmented
forests.
 Drought
Turtle
Trait: Dietary Flexibility
Turtles shift their diet to include more
terrestrial vegetation or alternative food
sources.

Climate Change
Trait: Migratory Behavior
Marine turtles can migrate to cooler waters
if their current habitat becomes unsuitable.
Predators Increase
Turtle
Trait: Hard Shell
A turtle's shell provides excellent defense
against many predators.

Deforestation
Trait: Wide Range of Movement
Turtles can travel long distances to find
suitable nesting or feeding areas.
 Drought
Owl
Trait: Efficient Water Usage
Owls get most of their water from the prey
they consume, reducing their reliance on
direct water sources.

Climate Change
Trait: Feather Insulation
Owls have highly insulating feathers that
help them regulate body temperature in
both hot and cold climates.
Predators Increase
Owl
Trait: Camouflage
Their plumage often mimics the colors and
patterns of tree bark, allowing them to blend
into their surroundings and avoid predators.

Deforestation
Trait: Nesting Flexibility
Many owls can adapt by nesting in
alternative structures such as cliffs,
abandoned buildings, or even artificial nest
boxes
What are the traits
help these animals
survive in their
environments?
Imagine a sudden drought
in a lush forest. Which
animals would likely
survive, and why?
 The traits that help animals survive in their
environments are adaptations that enhance their ability
to find food, escape predators, reproduce, and endure
environmental conditions. These traits are shaped by the
specific demands of the environment. These are:
Camouflage (Blending with the Environment),
Physical Defenses, Specialized Feeding
Adaptations, Behavioral Adaptations, Temperature
Regulation, Locomotion and Mobility,
Reproductive Strategies, Sensory Adaptations,
and Resistance to Environmental Extreme.
 Topic:

NATURAL
SELECTIO
N
 Natural
Selection
A fundamental mechanism of
evolution first proposed by
Charles Darwin. It describes how
individuals with traits that are
better suited to their
environment are more likely to
survive, reproduce, and pass on
those advantageous traits to
their offspring. Over many
generations, this process can
lead to changes in the traits of a
population, helping species
 Learning

Objectiv
es
 “Survival of the
Fittest: The Candy
Hunt”
 “Survival of the Fittest: The Candy
Hunt”
At the end of the activity, the students
should be able to:

1. understand the concept of natural

selection by demonstrating how certain
traits increase survival chances in a
given environment.
What color are
most likely to
be found?
 Which prey
colors were
most frequently
eaten?
The animals that more
visible to predators are
typically the ones that
are eaten most
frequently.
Which survived
and
reproduced?
 The environment plays a
crucial role in determining
which traits are advantageous
for a population. The concept
of natural selection explains
how traits that enhance
survival and reproduction in a
specific environment become
more common over
generations.
 How does the environment
influence which traits are
advantageous?
1. Environmental Conditions and
Adaptation

·Climate and Temperature: Traits that help

organisms survive in specific climates are favored.
·Seasonal Changes: In areas with distinct
seasons, traits that help organisms adapt to both
 Example

The arctic fox have a

coat that changes
color with the seasons
—white in winter for
snow camouflage and
brown in summer for
blending with rocks
and soil.
2. Predation Pressure

·Camouflage and Coloration: In environments

where predators are common, traits that help prey
blend into their surroundings are advantageous.
·Defense Mechanisms: Traits such as spines,
venom, or the ability to produce toxins can be
advantageous in environments with high
predation.
 Example
In a forest with green foliage, animals that have green or brown
coloring are less visible and more likely to avoid being eaten.
Conversely, in a snowy environment, white fur or feathered animals
have better camouflage.

In a forest with green foliage, animals that have green or brown

coloring are less visible and more likely to avoid being eaten.
Conversely, in a snowy environment, white fur or feathered animals
have better camouflage. And some insects have evolved bright
warning colors (aposematic coloration) to signal to predators that
they are poisonous or distasteful.
3. Availability of Resources

·Food Sources: Traits that enable more efficient

use of available food sources are advantageous.
·Water Availability: In arid environments, traits
that help conserve water, such as the ability to
store water in specialized body parts (e.g., camels’
humps), are advantageous. Organisms that can go
longer without water or have more efficient ways
4. Habitat and Shelter

·Burrowing and Nesting: Traits that allow

organisms to find or create shelter in their
environment are advantageous, especially in areas
prone to extreme weather or predation. Burrowing
animals like moles or nesting birds have an
advantage because they can escape predators and
find a safer place to reproduce.
·Tree Climbing: In environments with dense
vegetation or high trees, animals with traits that
5. Reproduction and Mating

·Mating Displays and Traits: In environments

where finding a mate is essential for reproduction,
traits that make an individual more attractive to
potential mates can be advantageous.
·Parental Care: In environments where young
face significant challenges, traits related to
parental care, such as the ability to protect and
 Example

The male peacocks

with more elaborate
tail feathers are more
likely to attract mates
and reproduce.
6.Adaptation to Change

·Rapid Environmental Changes: Environments

that change quickly, such as those affected by
climate change or natural disasters, can favor
traits that allow for quick adaptability.
Diverse Diet and Generalist Traits: In
environments where food sources may change or
become scarce, organisms with a diverse diet or
 Example

Animals that can migrate or have

behavioral traits that allow them
to move to new, more suitable
environments are more likely to
survive.
 SCENARIO

A wetland is being drained for

development. What impact
would this have on the
species that live there? How
can conserving this resource
help maintain biodiversity?
5 WAYS TO CONSERVE NATURAL
RESOURCES AND PROTECT
BIODIVERSITY

1)Practice Sustainable Farming: Use

techniques like crop rotation, organic
farming, and reduced pesticide use to
preserve soil health and protect
biodiversity.

2)Manage Water Wisely: Implement

water-saving techniques such as
rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation,
and fixing leaks to conserve water
resources.
3)Use Renewable Energy: Shift from fossil
fuels to renewable energy sources like solar,
wind, and hydropower to reduce
environmental degradation.

4)Establish Protected Areas: Create

national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine
sanctuaries to shield ecosystems from
human interference.

5)Restore Degraded Habitats:

Rehabilitate deforested areas, wetlands, and
coral reefs to revive biodiversity and
ecosystem services.

6)Limit Urban Expansion: Encourage

urban planning that integrates green spaces
7)Control Waste: Recycle, compost, and
reduce plastic use to minimize pollution in
ecosystems.

8)Prevent Industrial Runoff: Regulate

industries to prevent harmful chemicals and
pollutants from entering water bodies and
soil.

9)Reduce Carbon Footprint: Adopt

energy-efficient practices and use public
transportation or carpool to lower
greenhouse gas emissions.

10)Promote Sustainable Fishing: Enforce

quotas, protect breeding grounds, and ban
11)Regulate Logging: Encourage
sustainable forestry by planting trees to
replace harvested ones and banning illegal
logging.

12)Ban Wildlife Trade: Implement and

enforce laws against the hunting, poaching,
and trafficking of endangered species.

13)Educate Communities: Conduct

workshops and campaigns to raise awareness
about the importance of biodiversity and
conservation.

14)Adopt Eco-Friendly Lifestyles: Reduce

waste, recycle, and buy sustainably sourced
products
.
 “Why do you think
conserving natural
resources and protecting
biodiversity matter?”
Do you have any
questions or
clarifications?
GENERALIZATIO
N
 EVALUATION

PART I. TRUE OR FALSE

1. Natural selection can lead to the formation of new

species over many generations.
2. All variations in a population are beneficial and help
the species survive.
3. Natural selection operates only on physical traits and
not behaviors.
4. Adaptations can be behavioral, physical, or
physiological.
5. The strongest individuals always survive natural
 EVALUATION

PART II. ESSAY QUESTION (10 points)

Discuss the process of natural selection and

explain how it can lead to the development of
new species. Include examples from nature
that illustrate this process.
 ASSIGNMENT

Research a local biodiversity

conservation effort (e.g.,
reforestation projects, marine
sanctuaries) and write a short
report on how it supports
natural selection and
biodiversity.
 Thank
you for
listening!
 üHow does
the
environment
Divide into Groups

• You will be split into small groups, with each group assigned one layer

influence
of the rainforest (Emergent Layer, Canopy, Understory, or Forest Floor).

which traits
Create Your Mini-
Poster

are
• Write a short description of your rainforest layer, including its main
features.

advantageous
• Include at least three plants and three animals found in your layer. You
can draw or use images.
• Briefly explain how these organisms interact with each other and their

?
environment.
Prepare and Present

• Make your poster clear and easy to read. Decide who will talk about
each part.
• Share your poster with the class. Each group member should explain a
part of it.
 Example

What do you already know

about rainforests?
 Activity One

Let’s
Share
What do you already know What do you think makes
about rainforests? rainforests unique?
 Defining

Ecosyste
m
An ecosystem is a community of
living organisms (plants, animals,
and microorganisms) interacting
with each other and their physical
environment (such as air, water,
and soil).

Ecosystems can vary greatly in

size and type, from a small pond
to a vast forest.
 Ecosystem

Rainforest
A rainforest ecosystem is a
complex, highly diverse natural
environment characterized by
dense vegetation, high levels of
rainfall, warm temperatures, and
a rich variety of plant and animal
species.

These ecosystems are primarily

found near the equator, where
conditions are ideal for the
growth of lush forests.
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Distinct
Layers
Emergent Layer:
The tallest trees that rise above the
rest of the forest, receiving the most
sunlight.

Canopy Layer:
A dense layer of foliage formed by
the tops of trees, where the majority
of the rainforest's species live
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Distinct
Layers
Understory Layer:
The layer beneath the canopy, with
smaller trees that thrive in the
limited sunlight.

Forest Floor Layer:

The darkest layer, receiving very little
sunlight. It is rich in decomposing
plant and animal matter.
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Emergent
Layer Scarlet Macaw

The scarlet macaw has bright red,

blue, and yellow feathers. These
large parrots are highly social, often
Hawk Eagle seen in pairs or flocks, and are
known for their loud calls and strong
A powerful bird of prey, the hawk
beaks.
eagle is known for its keen eyesight
and strong talons. It perches in the
tallest trees, scanning the forest
below for prey, which includes birds,
small mammals, and reptiles.
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Canopy Layer
Black Howler Monkey Spider Monkey

Known for its loud howl; lives in the Agile climber with long limbs, feeding
treetops and feeds on leaves and on fruits and leaves.
fruits.

Orangutan

A large, intelligent ape with

reddish-brown fur, spends
most of its time in the
treetops.
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Understory
Layer
Butterflies

Green Iguana Colorful insects, feeding Bats

on nectar, and aiding in
A large, tree-dwelling lizard Nocturnal mammals, many
pollination.
with a spiky crest, primarily species feeding on fruits or
herbivorous, feeding on insects, are essential for
leaves and fruits. pollination.
 Rainforest Ecosystem

Forest Floor
Layer Decomposers

Decomposers are vital to the

health of the rainforest
ecosystem, ensuring that
nutrients are continuously
recycled and made available
for other organisms.

Jaguar Tapir

Apex predator hunting on the A large, herbivorous mammal

ground, feeding on various with a distinctive snout, which
animals, including deer and it uses to grab leaves and
capybaras. other vegetation.
 Group Activity

Rainforest
Task
Divide into Groups

• You will be split into small groups, with each group assigned one layer
of the rainforest (Emergent Layer, Canopy, Understory, or Forest Floor).

Create Your Mini-

Poster
• Write a short description of your rainforest layer, including its main
features.
• Include at least three plants and three animals found in your layer. You
can draw or use images.
• Briefly explain how these organisms interact with each other and their
environment.
Prepare and Present

• Make your poster clear and easy to read. Decide who will talk about
each part.
• Share your poster with the class. Each group member should explain a
part of it.
 Resources Page

Elements
Feel free to utilize these valuable
resources as references for your
upcoming projects. These
elements are at your disposal to
aid and guide you in your future
projects.