EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF
AGE USING DENTAL, SKELETAL AND
CHRONOLOGICAL PARAMETERS: AN
IN-VIVO STUDY
UNDER THE ABLE GUIDANCE OF- PRESENTED BY-
DR. N.N.SINGH NEELAKSHI SINGH
DR.(MRS)V.R.BRAVE
DR. G. SREEDHAR
DR. K.P.SAXENA
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION:
Identification of the living person and the dead is
of paramount importance for the variety of
reasons in forensic practice. Age estimation is
one of the prime factors of forensic odontology
employed to establish identity.1 This is certainly
true for unidentified corpses but also for living
individuals, especially in a multicultural society. 2
The evaluation and assessment of age of
unknown human remains is based upon a
detailed knowledge of biological changes that
occur during development, growth and
maturation.3
Age determination is not only an important factor
in identification of bodies but also in connection
with crimes and accidents. In addition, age is
important in most societies for school attendance,
social benefits, employment and marriage. 4Dental
maturity has played an important role in
estimating the age of an individual because of the
reported low variability of dental indicators.5
Gradual structural changes in teeth throughout
the life are the basis for dental age estimation.
The hard tissues of human dentition are able to
resist decay and degradation long after other
tissues are lost. This resistance has made teeth
useful indicator for calculation of age.
AIMS & OBJECTIVE
1. Recording of Chronological age.
2. Recording of Dental age
(i) Non invasive procedure
(radiographic study)
(ii) Invasive procedure (tooth
cementum annulations)
3. Recording of Skeletal age
4. To compare and correlate the afore said
findings with each other.
MATERIALS & METHODS
This study will be carried out in Department of
Oral Pathology & Microbiology and Department
of Oral Medicine & Radiology in Kothiwal Dental
College & Research Centre Moradabad.
Written consent of the patient will be taken of
their willingness to participate for the above
mentioned proposed study.
Information and findings of subject will be
recorded in a separately prepared custom made
record sheet.
INCLUSION & EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Healthy individual with no pathology related to
teeth and bone will be assessed.
Government approved valid document like birth
certificate, driving license or school record is
compulsory for all the subjects.
Subjects failing to provide above mentioned
documents will be excluded.
Subjects with the history of extractions,
congenitally missing teeth, growth disorders will
be excluded.
Teeth extracted due to orthodontic and prosthetic
reasons will be assessed.
Teeth with periapical pathologies will be excluded.
ARMAMENTARIUM
FOR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
Material: Birth certificate/ School record/Driving
license.
NONDENTAL
FOR INVASIVE PROCEDURE
AGE
Non invasive procedure-radiographic
study
Material: Panaromic Radiographic machine
(VILLA)
Orthopantamogram of individuals.
INVASIVE PROCEDURE
FOR CEMENTUM ANNULATION
(i)Extracted tooth of any arch or type trait
(ii)Micromotor
(iii)Carborundum disc
(iv)Laboratory lathe
(v)Coarse and fine abrasive wheels
(vi)Wooden block
(vii)Adhesive tape
(viii)Pumice
(ix)Glycerine
(x)Carborundum stone-coarse and fine
(xi)Alcohol & Xylene
(xii) Mounting medium (DPX)
(xiii)Microscopic slides and coverslips
(xiv)Light microscope
(xv)Polarizing microscope
(xvi) Image analysis software (Dewinter
Biowizard 4.1)
(xvi)Operating system Microsoft Windows
XP Professional Version 2002.
FOR SKELETAL AGE
Material & Equipments:
Radiographic machine (Siemen
500mA)
Hand wrist radiograph of same
individuals
METHOD:
CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
Method: Age will be calculated by substracting
the date of reporting by an individual from the
date of birth mentioned in his/her records.
DENTAL AGE
Non invasive procedure-radiographic study
Method: Subject coming to OPD of Kothiwal
Dental College& Research Centre, Moradabad will
be examined for routine check up and a
orthopanaromic image of the dentition will be
captured . This image will be assessed to evaluate
the individual dental age.
Invasive procedure-tooth cementum annulations
Method: Longitudnal sectioning of the tooth will be done
with the help of carborundum disc to a thickness of 5µm .
The sections will be dehydrated, cleared and mounted to
be further studied under light microscopy and polarized
microscopy. The area of interest would be the junction of
apical and middle third of the root. The representative
area with prominent incremental lines will be
photographed and transferred to the computer and
counting will be done using image analysis software.
First,the width of the cementum from the dentin-cemental
junction to the surface of cementum will be measured at
the junction of apical and middle third of root(X) ,then the
width occupied by two adjacent incremental lines will be
measured(Y).
The total no of incremental lines in
cementum (n)
n=X/Y
Estimated age (E) can be calculated by
adding the number of incremental lines with
eruption age of the tooth (t).
t will be calculated by the chart mentioned
in Gray’s Anatomy7.
E=n+t.
SKELETAL AGE
Standard skeletal and chronological age
correlation chart mentioned in:
(1)
By MODI in the book of Forensic Medical
Jurisprudence And Toxicology .
(2)By John Davidson the book of International
Student Edition Gray’s Anatomy.6,7
Method: Hand wrist radiograph of same subject
will be taken and skeletal maturation will be
assessed by comparing it with standards and
skeletal age will be assessed.
