Using
Conventions in
Citing Sources
Mark Dominic M. Oreiro, LPT
English Teacher
Objectives:
As a learner you are expected to:
1. define key concepts in bibliography
writing;
2. identify the bibliographic parts of a
printed or online source;
3. express importance of citing sources; and
4. use various conventions in citing sources.
2
If you were asked to do a
research work on stories of
Filipino women, how will
you find a reliable source
of information about the
topic? Will you search it on
the internet or visit the
library to find appropriate
books? In doing so, do you
closely look at the parts or
details of the sources that
you use?
Perez, Belinda and Abuzo, Natalia. Proud Pinay: Inspirational
Stories of
Filipino Women. Cebu: Perlas Publishing House, 2006.
What is the complete title of the book?
How many authors are there in the
book?
What is the name of the publisher?
Where was the book published?
4
Do you think it is important to take note of
these information and cite them in your
research?
Here are some important reasons why you need to
cite or list the sources:
• It gives credit to the authors.
• It provides you and the reader with more information about the
sources.
• It shows the writer’s credibility, referring to whether his/her sources
are reliable.
• It prevents plagiarism, an act of stealing someone else’s ideas and
presenting them as your own.
5
Look at the sample text inside the box. How
many sources do you see? One way of citing
your sources is through listing them on a
separate page of your research paper. This
page is what we call as a bibliography.
6
What is a
Bibliography?
Presentation title 7
A bibliography is taken from the Greek
word ‘biblion’, which means ‘book’ and
‘graphia’, which means ‘to write.’ A
bibliography contains an alphabetical list of
sources like books, periodicals, and
websites used by the writer or researcher.
8
There are many styles or formats in citing or
listing sources, depending on the subject. The
three main citation styles are the following:
The American Psychological Association (APA)
Style which is used in social and behavioral
sciences.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
which is used for writing papers on literature and
related subjects like theater or film.
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) which is
often used in many academic fields, especially in the
9
humanities and social sciences.
In this lesson, we will
follow the
bibliography
annotation standard
specified in American
Psychological
Association (APA)
Style. .
Core Components of an APA Reference:
These are the print and online types or
formats of sources of information:
Print Sources. These are
sources that have been
published in printed format,
such as books and periodicals.
12
How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in
APA Format
Book referencing is the most basic style; it matches the
template above, minus the URL section. So the basic format of a
book reference is as follows:
13
Book referencing examples:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to
citation. London, England: My Publisher
Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The
Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica:
My Publisher
14
How to Cite an Edited Book in APA
Format
This reference format is very similar to the book format apart
from one extra inclusion: (Ed(s)). The basic format is as follows:
15
Edited book example:
Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation
rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY: My Publisher
16
How to Cite a Newspaper Articles in Print
or Online in APA Format
The basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title. Title of
Newspaper, column/section, p. or pp. Retrieved from URL*
**Only include if the article is online.
Note: the date includes the year, month and date.
17
Newspaper Articles Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Changes to citation formats shake the
research world. The Mendeley Telegraph, Research News, pp.9.
Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-
management/reference-manager
18
How to Cite Magazine Articles in Print or
Online in APA Format
The basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Title of the
Magazine, pp.
19
Magazine Article Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). How citation changed the research
world. The Mendeley, pp. 26-28
20
These are the print and online types or
formats of sources of information:
Online Sources. These refer
to any materials or information
taken from the internet. Other
terms for online sources are
‘electronic sources’, ‘web
21
How to Cite a Website in APA Format
When citing a website, the basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Retrieved
from URL
22
How to Cite an E-Book Chapter in APA
Format
This follows the same structure as an edited book chapter
reference except the publisher is exchanged for a URL. The
structure is as follows:
Last name of the chapter author, initial(s). (Year). Chapter title.
In editor initial(s), surname (Ed.). Title (ed., pp.chapter page
range). Retrieved from URL
23
E-Book chapter example:
Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams
(Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-
95). Retrieved from
https://www.mendeley.com/reference
management/reference-manager
24
To solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic, below
are series of activities that will
enrich your mastery of the
lesson in citing sources through
bibliography writing.
Quiz#3
Label It Directions: Identify the
parts of each source. Choose
the letter of your answer inside
the box. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper
ANSWER KEY:
1. I
2. A
3. G
4. B
5. H
6. C
7. D
8. F
9. J
10. K
1. Create an APA List of References
entry for this website article.
Authors: Danielle Houser & Cathy Osborne
Title: Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Right
for All Kids
Source: Early Childhood Educators’ and Family Web
Corner
http://www.nauticom.net/www/cokids/dapei.html
2. Create an APA List of References entry for this
book:
Author: Fulcan, Mary J.
Title: The Beginning Teacher
Date: 1989
Publisher: Bobbs-Meril
Place: New York
ANSWER KEY:
1. Houser, D., & Osborne, C. (n.d.). Developmentally
Appropriate Practices: Right for All Kids.
Early Childhood Educator’s and Family Web
Corner. Retrieved from
http://www.nauticom.net/www/cokids/dapei.html
2. Fulcan, M.J. (1989). The Beginning Teacher. New
York: Bobbs:Meril
Thank you for listening!
