1
ME 403 – CONTROL SYSTEMS
LECTURE 1
• Design Of Feedback Control Systems, 4th Edition
R. T. Stefani, C. J. Savant, B. Shahian, G. H. Hostetter
• Automatic Control Systems, 9th Edition
Benjamin C. Kuo, Farid Golnaraghi
Objectives 2
Define a control system
Explain why control systems are important
Introduce basic components of a control system
Give some examples of control system applications
Explain why feedback is incorporated into most control systems
Introduce types of control systems
Basic Concepts 3
Control system design process consists of
Creating a mathematical model of the system (Block Diagram)
Identifying the contents of blocks within the diagram
Selecting values of adjustable parameters
Adding components to provide acceptable performance
Feedback systems actively used in
Automated manufacturing plants
Automobiles
House hold appliances
Entertainment systems
Terminology 4
System
An arrangement or combination of different physical components
that are connected or related together to form an entire unit to
achieve a certain objective. E.g., Classroom, Car etc.
Terminology 5
Control
To regulate direct and command a system so that a desired
objective is achieved
Terminology 6
Plant/Process
Portion of the system to be controlled. It is fixed as far as the
control system designer is concerned. The designer’s job is to
ensure that the plant operates as required
Fixe
d
Plant
or
Process
Terminology 7
Inputs
The applied or excitation signal applied to a control system to get a
specific output
Fixe
d
Inpu Plant
t or
Process
Terminology 8
Outputs
The actual response obtained from a control system due to the
application of the input
Fixe
d
Inpu Plant Outpu
t or t
Process
Terminology 9
Controller
Internal or external element of the system used to control the plant
or process. The controller generates plant input signals designed to
produce the desired outputs. Some plant inputs are accessible to
the designer and some are not available
Fixe
d
Inpu Plant Outpu
t Controller or t
Contr Process
ol
Input
s
Terminology 10
Disturbances
A disturbance is an uncontrolled input that has an undesired effect
on the desired output of the system. It may be internal (produced
within the system) or external
Disturbance
Inputs Fixe
d
Inpu Plant Outpu
t Controller or t
Contr Process
ol
Input
s
Terminology 11
Open Loop System
A system in which the control inputs are not influenced by the plant
outputs i.e., there is no feedback around the plant
Disturbance
Inputs Fixe
d
Inpu Plant Outpu
t Controller or t
Contr Process
ol
Input
s
Terminology 12
Open Loop System
Terminology 13
Closed Loop System
A system in which the control inputs are influenced by the plant
outputs i.e., a path (or loop) is provided from the output back to the
controller.
Disturbance
Inputs Fixe
d
Inpu Plant Outpu
t Controller or t
Contr Process
ol
Input
s Measurements
Terminology 14
Closed Loop System
Effect of Feedback 15
Advantages of Feedback 16
Increased accuracy
Reduced sensitivity to changes in components
Reduced effects of disturbances
Increased speed of response and bandwidth
Feedback should be positive or negative?
Types of Control Systems 17
Linear VS Non-Linear Control Systems
Time Invariant VS Time Variant Systems
Continuous Data VS Discrete Data Control Systems
Control System Applications 18
Intelligent systems
Machine tools, Flexible robotics, Process control
Control in virtual prototyping and hardware in the loop
Smart Transportation Systems
Climate Control
Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
Traction Control System
Cruise Control System
Dynamic Stability Control
Emergency Brake Assist
Drive-by-wire System / Steering Control
Driver Assist System
Active Suspension System and Cross Wind Stabilization
