MOLECULAR POLARITY
Prepared and Presented by: MS.ALDANA
WATER AND OIL EXPERIMENT
WATER IS OIL IS NON-
POLAR POLAR
POLAR AND NON POLAR
• Polar means oppositely charged, and non-polar means equally
charged.
Neutral Molecule
# OF PROTONS = # OF ELECTRON
• Not Evenly
• Evenly Distributed Distributed
• Non Polar • Polar
How does the water become Polar
Chemical bonding occurs
mainly because atoms of an
element become more stable
by loosing, gaining, and
sharing of electrons.
How does the water become Polar
Chemical bonding occurs
mainly because atoms of
an element become more
stable by loosing, gaining,
and sharing of electrons.
How does the water become Polar
The octet rule refers
to the tendency of atoms
to prefer to have eight
electrons in the valence
shell. When atoms have
fewer than eight electrons,
they tend to react and
form more stable
compounds
How does the water become Polar
The octet rule refers
to the tendency of atoms
to prefer to have eight
electrons in the valence
shell. When atoms have
fewer than eight electrons,
they tend to react and
form more stable
compounds
How does the water become Polar
The octet rule refers
to the tendency of atoms
to prefer to have eight
electrons in the valence
shell. When atoms have
fewer than eight electrons,
they tend to react and
form more stable
compounds
How does the water become Polar
How does the water become Polar
How does the water become Polar
• Unequal sharing of electrons makes water a
polar molecule. So even though the electrons
from each atom are attracted by both the
oxygen and the hydrogen, the electrons are a bit
more attracted to the oxygen. This means that
electrons spend a bit more time at the oxygen
end of the molecule.
POLAR NON- POLAR
• The polar molecule is • A non-polar molecule is
asymmetric, meaning the
distribution of electrons in a symmetric. If a
covalent bond is not equal. It molecule is symmetric
also contains lone pairs of
electrons on the central atom or
meaning all electrons
atom is bonded with different are equally shared or
electronegativity values. Polarity bonded.
is a result of uneven distribution
of charges of atoms in a
molecule.
How do we know if one molecule is
Polar or Non Polar?
1. Determine the electronegativity of the Atom
molecule.
2. Determine the shape or geometry of the
molecule
Electronegativity
It is the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electron.
1.
8
EXAMPLE 1: NaCl (Sodium chloride)
1.8 OR MORE- IONIC BOND
Sodium (Na)-3.0
Chloride(Cl)-0.9
3.0-0.9=2.1
EXAMPLE: NaCl (Sodium chloride)
EXAMPLE 1: NaCl (Sodium chloride)
Sodium
EXAMPLE1 : NaCl (Sodium chloride)
Chlorine
EXAMPLE 1: NaCl (Sodium chloride)
Sodium Chlorine
IONIC BOND
They have opposite charges that’s why attracted to each other and
Bond.
EXAMPLE 2: HCl (Hydrogen &
chloride)
1.7 - COVELANT BOND
HCL Cl(Chloride)-3.0
H(Hydrogen)-2.1
3.0-2.1 =0.9 (Less than 1.7)
Electron are share –Covelant bond
EXAMPLE 2: HCl (Sodium chloride)
POLAR/COVELANT BOND
POLAR/COVELANT BOND
Note: Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons
between two or more atoms. Ionic bonds form when two
or more ions come together and are held together by
charge differences.
EXAMPLE 3: Cl ( 2chloride Gas)
0-0.4- Non Polar Covelant bond
Cl- 3.0
3.0-3.0 = 0
2
EXAMPLE 3: Cl (chloride Gas)
NON-POLAR BOND
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Polar bond is not the same as polar Molecule
• Note:
1. If bond is polar, then the molecule can either be polar or non polar.
2. If bond is non polar. Then the molecule is automatically non-polar
ACTIVITY
PAIR OF ELEMENTS ELECTRONEGATIVITY ELECTRONEGATIVITY POLARITY COMPOUND
VALUE DIFFERENCE (Ionic/Polar/Non polar
Carbon Hydrogen
Sodium Bromine
Nitrogen Hydrogen
Sodium Chlorine
Nitrogen Nitrogen
