UNIT 1
Fundamentals of
Database Systems
LESSON 1 – Database Systems
Roles and Advantages of
DBMS
Types of Databases
Database Systems
Importance of Database
Design
File System Data Processing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
❑Differentiate data from information
❑Compare the types of databases
❑Identify the importance of database design
❑Summarize the disadvantages in file system data
Database Systems
DATA INFORMATION
VS
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Database Systems
Database is a shared, integrated computer structure that
houses a collection of the following:
❑End-user data – that is, raw facts of interest to the end user.
❑Metadata, or data about data, through which the end-user
data is integrated and managed. (Coronel and Morris, 2017, p.
6).
Roles and Advantages
of DBMS
Database Management
System (DBMS) is a collection
of programs that manages the
database structure and
controls access to the data
stored in the database.
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Roles and Advantages
of DBMS
❑The DBMS serves as the
intermediary between the user
and the database.
❑The database structure itself is
stored as a collection of files, and
the only way to access the data
in those files is through the
DBMS.
Advantages of DBMS
Improved data Improved data Better data
sharing security integration
Minimized data Improved data Improved
inconsistency access decision making
Increased end-
user productivity
Types of Databases
❑Single-user database
❑Desktop database
❑Multiuser database
❑Enterprise database
❑Centralized database
Types of Databases
❑Distributed database
❑Cloud database
❑General-purpose database
❑Discipline-specific database
❑Operational database
❑Analytical database
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Database Design refers to the activities that
Importance of focus on the design of the database
Database Design structure that will be used to store and
mange end-user data.
Oftentimes the database design does not get the attention it
Importance of deserves. This can occur for numerous reasons such as:
❑Insufficient specifications and/or poor logical data modeling
Database
❑Not enough time in the development schedule
Design ❑Too many changes occurring throughout the development
cycle
❑Database design assigned to, or performed by novices
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The first step in constructing a physical database should be
transforming the logical design using best practices. The
transformation consists of the following:
Importance of • Transforming entities into tables
Database • Transforming attributes into columns
Design • Transforming domains into data types and constraints
• Transforming relationships into primary and foreign keys
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File System Data
Processing
The file system method of organizing and
managing data was a definite
improvement over the manual system,
and the file system served as useful
purpose in data management for over two
(2) decades.
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File System Data
Processing
A critique of the file system method
serves two (2) major purposes:
❑Understanding the shortcomings of the
file system enable you to understand
the development of modern databases.
❑Many of the problems are not unique to
file systems. Failure to understand such
problems is likely to lead their
duplication in a database environment,
even though database technology
makes it easy to avoid them.
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File System Data
Processing
The following problems associated with
file systems, whether created by Data
Processing (DP) specialist or through a
series of spreadsheets, severely challenge
the types of information that can be
created from the data as well as the
accuracy of the information:
❑Lengthy development times
❑Difficulty of getting quick answers
❑Complex system administration
❑Lack of security and limited data
sharing
❑Extensive programming
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File System Data
Processing
Structural and Data Dependence
❑Structural dependence – A data
characteristic in which a change in the
database schema affects data access,
thus requiring changes in all access
programs.
❑Data dependence – A data condition in
which data representation and
manipulation are dependent on the
physical data storage characteristics.
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File System Data
Processing
Data Redundancy
❑Exists when the same
data is stored
unnecessarily at
different places.
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File System Data
Processing
Data Anomalies
❑A data abnormality in
which inconsistent
changes have been
made to a database.
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