Factors & Multiples

Arrangement of Stars

Take 6 stars and arrange

them in different
ways
1 Row × 6 Stars/Row = 6 Stars
3 Rows × 2 Stars per row = 6 stars
2 Rows × 3 stars per row = 6 stars
6 Rows × 1 Star/Row = 6 Stars
As we can see, 6 can be written as product of two numbers in
many ways:

6=1×6

6=2×3

6=3×2

6=6×1

1, 2, 3 and 6 are exact divisors of 6

 Arrangement of Footballs

Take 8 footballs and arrange

them in different
ways
Arrangement of 8 in different ways

1 Row × 8 Balls/Row = 8 Balls

Arrangement of 8 in different ways

2 Rows × 4 Balls / Row = 8 Balls

Arrangement of 8 in different ways

4 Rows × 2 Balls / Row = 8

Balls
Arrangement of 8 in different ways

8 Rows × 1 Ball / Row = 8

Balls
1, 2, 4 and 8 are exact divisors of 8.
7 divides 28 exactly and gives
Quotient 4 and Remainder 0

28 ÷ 7 = 4
4 divides 28 exactly and gives
Quotient 7 and Remainder 0

28 ÷ 4 = 7
28 divides 28 exactly and gives
Quotient 1 and Remainder 0

28 ÷ 28 = 1
 Factors of 28

28 ÷ 1 = 28
28 ÷ 4 = 7
28 ÷ 7 = 4
28 ÷ 28 = 1
 Factors of 16

16 ÷ 1 = 16
16 ÷ 2 = 8
16 ÷ 4 = 4
16 ÷ 8 = 2
16 ÷ 16 = 1
 Factor

● A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number i.e. the

factor leaves remainder 0 when it divides the number.
 Factor

4 × 5 = 20
● 4 and 5 are factors of 20. We can also say that 20 is multiple of 4
and 5.

In 2 × 12 = 24,
● 2 and 12 are factors of 24.
● 24 is the multiple of 2 and 12.
● So, a number is a multiple of its factors.
 Factor

● Multiples of 2 = 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24…
● Multiples of 3 = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,…
● Multiples of 15 = 15,30,4,60,75,90,105,120,135,……

● The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.

 Factors of Some Numbers

8 = 1, 2, 4, 8
16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
25 = 1, 5, 25
Factors of Some Numbers

4 × 5 = 20

Factor Multipl
s e
 Points To Remember

● 1 is a factor of every number.

● Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
● Every factor is less than or equal to the given number.
● Number of factors of a given number are finite.
 Points To Remember

● Every multiple of a number is greater than or equal to that

number.
● The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
● Every number is a multiple of itself.
 Factor Or Multiple?
For each of numbers in the statements, select either multiple [M] or
factor [F]
▪ 34 × 5 = 170
[F [F] [M [F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M [F] [M]
[F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M] [F] [M]
▪ 25 × 4 = 100
[F [F] [M [F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M [F] [M]
[F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M] [F] [M]
▪ 90 × 10 = 900
[F [F] [M [F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M [F] [M]
[F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M] [F] [M]
▪ 45 × 6 = 270
[F [F] [M [F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M [F] [M]
[F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M] [F] [M]
▪ 7 × 30 = 210
[F [F] [M [F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M [F] [M]
[F] [M] [F [F] [M] [F] [M] [F] [M]
 State whether the following statements
are TRUE or FALSE

1. 1 is a factor of every number. FF T

2. The largest factor of any number is the number itself. FF T
3. Number of factors of a given number is infinite. FF T
4. The number of multiples of 5 is 10. FF T
5. The factors of 65 are 1, 5 and 13 only. FF T

( Click ‘F’ for false and ‘T’ for true )

Thank
You
 Factors, Prime
Numbers &
Composite Numbers

Intensive Math
 Definition

● Product – An answer to a multiplication problem.

7x8=
56
Produc
t
 Definition

● Factor – a number that is multiplied by another to give a product.

7x8=
56
Factors
 Definition

● Factor – a number that divides evenly into another number.

56 ÷ 8 =
7
Factors
 Test yourself…

● What are the factors and products?

Factors: 6 and 7
1) 6 x 7 = 42 Product: 42

2) 63 ÷ 9 = 7 Factors: 7 and 9
Product: 63

Factors: 5 and 8
3) 8 x 5 = 40 Product: 40
 Definition

● Prime Number – a number that has only two factors, itself and 1.

Example: 7 is prime because the only numbers that will

divide into it evenly are 1 and 7.
 Examples of Prime Numbers

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37…

 Definition

● Composite number – a number that has more than two factors.

Example: The number 8. The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.

 Examples of Composite Numbers

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, …

 One is special because . . .

One is not prime. One is not

Composite.
(because it does
not have exactly (because it does
two different not have more
factors). than 2 factors).
 Definition

● Prime Factorization – A way to write a composite number as the

product of its prime factors.

2 x 2 x 3 = 12
or

22 x 3 = 12
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 1 –
○ Write down any composite
number. 48
● Step 2 –
○ Start dividing by the prime #s 2 x 24
(start with 2).
○ If the composite number is
divisible by 2, write it down
and find the next factor.
○ If not, check if the factor is
evenly divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9,
etc.
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 3 –
○ Check the factors.
○ If they are prime, you are 48
done.
○ If they are not, proceed to 2 x 24
Step 4.
● Step 4 –
2 x 2x
○ Continue dividing.
○ If one of the factors is 12
divisible by 2, write it down
and find the next factor.
○ If not, check if the factor is
evenly divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9,
etc.
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 5 –
○ Check the factors.
○ If they are prime, proceed to 48
Step 6.
○ If they are not, repeat Step 4. 2 x 24
2 x 2x
12
2 x 2x 2x6
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 5 –
○ Check the factors.
○ If they are prime, proceed to 48
Step 6.
○ If they are not, repeat Step 4. 2 x 24
● Step 6 –
○ Write the Prime Factorization
2 x 2x
in Exponential Form.
12
2 x 2x 2x6

2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
24 x 3 = 48
 Find the Prime Factorization

4
Prime
Factorization 2x2

2 =4
Prime Factorization
in Exponential Form 2
 Find the Prime Factorization

6
Prime
Factorization 2x3=
6
 Find the Prime Factorization

2
37x
Prime Factorization
39x 3 x 3
Prime Factorization
in Exponential Form
3 = 27
3
 Find the Prime Factorization

1
22x
Prime Factorization
26x 3 x 3
Prime Factorization
in Exponential Form
2 x3=
2
 Find the Prime Factorization

1
28x
Prime Factorization
29x 3 x 3
Prime Factorization
in Exponential Form
2x3 = 2
 You Have Options

● Composite number – a number that has more than two factors.

Try it! You

may like it
better.
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 1 –
○ Write down any composite
number.
● Step 2 –
2 18
○ Start dividing by the 9
○ prime #s (start with 2).
○ If the composite number is
divisible by 2, write it on the
left of the L and write the
other factor below the original
composite #.
○ If not, check if the number is
evenly divisible by 3, 5, etc.
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 3 – 2 18
○ Check the factors.
○ If they are prime, proceed to 3 9 P
r
i
Step 6. 3 m
○ If not, continue the process. e
● Step 4 – #
○ Continue dividing the # on
the next rung of the ladder by
the prime #s (start with 2).
● Step 5 –
○ Repeat this process until the
# on the next rung of the
ladder is prime.
 How to do a Prime Factorization

Factor Tree Method

● Step 6 –
○ Write the Prime Factorization 2 18
in Exponential Form.
3 9
3

Prime
Factorization 2 3 3
x x

Prime Factorization
in Exponential Form 2 32x
 How to do a Prime Factorization

2 56
2 28
2 14
Pr

7 im
e
#

Prime Prime Factorization 23 x

Factorization 2 2 2 7
x x x in Exponential Form
7
 Summary

● One is not a prime or composite number.

● Two is the only even prime number.
● Not all odd numbers are prime. (examples: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 35,
…)
● All composite numbers can be written as product of prime
numbers.
Thank
You