Capacitance and
Capacitors
By: Noryb Ferrer & James Pael
Capacitance and Capacitors
Capacitors in series and parallel
Energy stores and electric-field energy in
capacitors
Dielectrics
WHAT IS IT
Every complex and modern gadget made today consists
of different electronic components. One of those is known as
a capacitor. A Capacitor is a component which has the
ability or "capacity" to store energy in the form of an
electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static
Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable
battery.
WHAT IS IT
There are many kinds of
capacitors which are available from
very small capacitor beads used in
resonance circuits to large power
factor correction capacitors, but they
all do the same thing, they store
charge.
WHAT IS IT
In simpler terms, capacitors are
physical devices, while capacitance is
a measure of the charge storage
capacity of a capacitor. The term
“capacity” typically refers to the
ability to hold or contain something,
often in a broader context.
WHAT IS IT
In its basic form, a capacitor consists of two or more
parallel conductive (metal) plates which are not connected
or touching each other but are electrically separated either by
air or by some form of a good insulating material such as
waxed paper, mica, ceramic, plastic, or some form of a liquid
gel as used in electrolytic capacitors. The insulating layer
between a capacitors plates is commonly called the Dielectric
WHAT IS IT
Due to this insulating layer, DC current cannot flow
through the capacitor as it blocks it allowing instead a
voltage to be present across the plates in the form of an
electrical charge.
FORMULA
PROBLEM SOLVING
Suppose you have a capacitor with a charge of 5
microcoulombs (5 × 10⁻⁶ C) and a voltage of 10 volts across
it.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Suppose you have a capacitor with a charge of 9
microcoulombs (9 × 10⁻⁶ C) and a voltage of 14 volts across
it.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitors
whose plates have an area of 0.456 m2 and are separated by
a 0.23 m.
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
PROBLEM SOLVING
Energy Stored and
Electric Field Energy in
Capacitors
Go pael
Introduction
Capacitors are devices that store energy in the form of
an electric field. This energy storage is fundamental in
various electrical and electronic systems.
Applications of Capacitors
•Energy storage in electronic circuits
•Filtering and smoothing in power supplies
•Timing circuits in electronics
•Burst energy delivery in devices like camera flashes
•Energy storage in renewable energy systems (e.g., solar power)
Energy Stored in Capacitors
The energy stored in a capacitor is given by the formula:
U = (1/2) C V ^ 2
Where:
• - U = Energy stored (Joules)
• - C = Capacitance (Farads)
• V = Voltage (Volts)
Examples
A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 5 µF (microfarads)
and is connected to a 12 V battery.
1. What is the energy stored in the capacitor?
2. If the voltage across the capacitor is doubled, how much energy
is stored now?
Try mo to dali ⊂(( ・▽・ ))⊃
A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 µF is connected to a battery with a
voltage of 9 V.
1. What is the energy stored in the capacitor?
2. If the voltage is increased to 18 V, what will be the new energy stored in
the capacitor?
Charge in Capacitance
The energy stored in a capacitor in terms of charge and capacitance is:
U= Q^2/ 2c
1. U: Energy stored (in joules).
2. Q: Charge on the capacitor (in coulombs).
3. C: Capacitance (in farads).
Examples
A capacitor with a capacitance of 6 µF (microfarads) is charged to
store a total charge of Q = 240 µC (microcoulombs).
1. What is the energy stored in the capacitor?
Gawin mo nga itu (◍•ᴗ•◍)
A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 µF (10× 10-6 F) stores a charge of
250mC (250×10-6 C).
1. What is the energy stored in the capacitor?
Electric field, Area, and distance
The energy stored in a capacitor in terms of electric field, area, and
distance is given by the formula:
U: Energy stored in the capacitor (J)
E: Electric field (V/m)A: Area of the plates (m²)
d: Distance between the plates (m)
€0: Permittivity of free space (8.854 × 10-12 F/m)
Examples
A parallel-plate capacitor has the following properties:
• Plate area: A = 0.05 m²,
Distance between the plates: d = 2 mm 0.002 m,
Electric field between the plates: E = 10-5 V/m.
1. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor.
Try mo kaya ( ・∀・ )
A parallel-plate capacitor has the following specifications:
Plate area: A = 0.1 m²,
Distance between the plates: d = 1 mm 0.001 m,
Electric field: E 2 x 10-5 V/m.
Question: Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor using the formula
in terms of electric field, plate area, and distance.
Electric Field in a Capacitor
The electric field in a capacitors in terms of surface charge density is given by
formula of:
Where:
Q: Charge on one plate; A: Area
of one plate
E: Electric field (in N/C or V/m)
€0: Permittivity of free space
σ: Surface charge density (in
(8.854 × 10-12 F/m)
C/m²)
Examples
A parallel-plate capacitor has a charge of Q = 3uC = 3 ×10 ^ - 6C and
plate area A = 0.5m ^ 2
1. What is the surface charge density (σ) on the plates?
2. What is the electric field (E) between the plates?
Try mu ulit ⊂( ・▽・⊂ )
A parallel-plate capacitor has a charge of Q = 2uC = 2×10 ^ - 6c and a
plate area of A = 0.25m ^ 2
1. What is the surface charge density (σ) on the plates?
2. What is the electric field (E) between the plates?
Voltage and Distance
The electric field in a capacitors in terms of Voltage and distance is given by
formula of:
Where:
E = Electric field (in volts per meter, V/m)
V = Voltage across the plates (in volts, V)
d = Distance between the plates (in meters, m)
Examples
A parallel-plate capacitor has a voltage of 12 V across its plates, and
the plates are separated by a distance of 0.02 m.
1. What is the electric field between the plates?
Basic na to try mo na (◠‿◕
)
A capacitor initially has a voltage of 15 V across its plates, and the distance
between the plates is 0.03 m.
1. What is the electric field between the plates?
2. If the distance between the plates is reduced to 0.015 m, what will be the
new electric field?
Charge and Area
The electric field in a capacitors in terms of Charge and area is given by
formula of:
Where:
• E is the electric field (in N/C or Newtons per Coulomb),•
•Qis the charge on the plates (in Coulombs),
• A is the area of the plates (in square meters),
• e0 is the permittivity of free space, which has a value of 8.854 x 10-12 F/m (farads per
meter).
Examples
A parallel-plate capacitor has plates with an area of 0.1
m² and carries a charge of 2 µC. What is the electric field
between the plates of the capacitor?
Last na try mo na (◡ ω ◡)
A parallel-plate capacitor has plates with an area of 0.05 m²
and carries a charge of 3 µC. Calculate the electric field
between the plates of the capacitor.
Dielectric
What is Dielectric?
WHAT IS IT
Dielectric is an insulating material or a very poor
conductor of electric current. When dielectrics are
placed in an electric field, practically no current flows
in them because, unlike metals, they have no loosely
bound, or free, electrons that may drift through
material. Instead, electric polarization occurs.
WHAT IS IT
The positive charges within the dielectric are
displaced minutely in the direction opposite to the
electric field. This slight separation of charge, or
polarization, reduces the electric field within the
dielectric
CONCLUSION
Capacitors play an important role in modern
electronics. Its significance can be observed with current
development of technology. The mechanism of capacitor to
charge and discharge energy enables modern devices to
function accordingly.
CONCLUSION
We learned from this lesson the relationship of
capacitance to charge and voltage. Moreover, we were able
to analyze the different behaviors of parameters in series
and parallel connections
