The
Reproductive
System (1)
Objective:
By the end of this session the learners should
be able to describe:
The introduction of the reproductive system
The male reproductive system and it is parts
1-Glandular parts
2-Ducts parts
3-Penis and scrotum
The female reproductive and it is parts
1- Internal genitalia
2-External genitalia
The Reproductive System
Primary sex organs (gonads) – testes in males,
ovaries in females
Gonads produce sex cells called gametes and
secrete sex hormones
Accessory reproductive organs – ducts, glands,
and external genitalia
Sex hormones – androgens (males), and estrogens
and progesterone (females)
The Male Reproductive System
The male gonads (testes) produce sperm and lie
within the scrotum
Sperm are delivered to the exterior through a
system of ducts: epididymis, ductus deferens, and
the urethra
Accessory sex glands:
Empty their secretions into the ducts during
ejaculation
Include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
bulbourethral glands
The scrotum
Sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs
outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of
the penis
Contains paired testicles separated by a midline
septum
Its external positioning keeps the testes lower than
core body temperature (needed for sperm
production)
Intrascrotal temperature is kept constant by two
sets of muscles:
Dartos – smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin
Cremaster – bands of skeletal muscle that elevate
the testes
The Testis
Each testis is surrounded by two tunics:
The tunica vaginalis, derived from peritoneum
The tunica albuginea, the fibrous capsule of the
testis
Septa divide the testis into 250-300 lobules, each
containing 1-4 seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules:
Produce the sperm
Converge to form the tubulus rectus
The straight tubulus rectus conveys sperm to the
rete testis
The Testes
From the rete testis, the sperm:
Leave the testis via efferent ductules
Enter the epididymis
Surrounding the seminiferous tubules are
interstitial cells that produce androgens
Testicular arteries branch from the abdominal
aorta and supply the testes
Testicular veins arise from the pampiniform plexus
The testes are developed in the abdominal
cavity,they descend in to scrotum through the
inguinal canal.
The Epididymis
The epididymis divided in to
head, body and tail.
Its head joins the efferent
ductules and caps the superior
aspect of the testis
Nonmotile sperm enter, pass
through its tubes and become
motile
Upon ejaculation, the
epididymis contracts
expelling sperm into the
ductus deferens
The Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
Runs from the epididymis through the inguinal
canal into the pelvic cavity through spermatic
cord.
Spermatic cord – encloses testicular artery ,
pampiniform plexus ,vas deference and some
lymphatics and nerves o the testes
Its terminus expands to form the ampulla and then
joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the
ejaculatory duct
Vasectomy – cutting and ligating the ductus
deferens, which is a nearly 100% effective form of
birth control
Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles
Lie on the posterior
wall of the bladder and
secrete 60% of the
volume of semen
Joins the ductus
deferens to form the
ejaculatory duct
Sperm and seminal
fluid mix in the
ejaculatory duct and
enter the prostatic
urethra during
ejaculation
Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland
Doughnut-shaped gland
that encircles part of the
urethra inferior to the
bladder
Its milky, slightly acid
fluid, accounts for one-
third of the semen volume
Plays a role in the
activation of sperm
Enters the prostatic
urethra during ejaculation
Prostate Gland
BASE: portion inferior to bladder
- approx size: 4 cm (l) x 3 cm (w) x 2 cm (h) APEX: lies along the superior fascia of the
- comprised of glandular & fibromuscular tissue deep perineal pouch
- divided into 5 lobes & surrounded by a true and posterior aspect lies in close relation to the
false capsule ampulla of the rectum → Digital Rectal Exam
coronal section medial aspect
base base
rectum
deep perineal
pouch
pg. 170 K. Kryger
The Prostate
Capsule
Prostatic
Urethra
Seminal
colliculus
Prostatic
utricle
Prostatic
glands, ducts
& sinus
Ejaculatory
ducts
superior view of anterior
transverse section Prostatic Prostate
urethra
Prostatic glands, ducts & Seminal
sinus vesicle
Median
Lateral Lobe Lateral
Lobe Lobe
Posterior
Lobe
capsule
ejaculatory duct rectum
medial aspect
Median & Lateral Lobes are most commonly
involved in benign prostatic enlargements Posterior Lobe is most commonly involved
in prostatic adenocarcinoma.
pg. 170 K. Kryger
Prostate Digital Exam
UVULA
prostate
rectum
source: http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE041.html
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- most commonly affects the
median & lateral lobes, thus
difficulty in urination is a
common sign.
- NOT a premalignant condition
- 20% of males by 40 y/o; 90% of
men ≥ 80 y/o
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
- most commonly affects the
posterior lobe
- 2nd leading cause of death in
men >50 y/o
- 70% are palpable by DRE
Source:
Source: http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE074.html
http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE074.html K. Kryger
The bladder and
prostate are supplied
by branches of the
internal iliac artery.
Vesical and prostatic
venous plexus drain
to iliac veins but also
communicate with
the vertebral venous
plexus, a valveless
system.
.
Spread of Prostate Cancer
Vertebral venous plexus
(valveless)
Prostatic venous plexus
Accessory Glands: Bulborethral
Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
Pea-sized glands
inferior to the prostate
Produce thick, clear
mucus prior to
ejaculation that
neutralizes traces of
acidic urine in the
urethra
The Penis
An organ designed to deliver sperm into the
female reproductive tract
Consists of an attached root and a free shaft that
ends in the glans penis
Prepuce, or foreskin – cuff of skin covering the
distal end of the penis
Circumcision – surgical removal of the foreskin
after birth
Internal penis – the urethra and three cylindrical
bodies of erectile tissue
Erectile tissue – spongy network of connective
tissue and smooth muscle riddled with vascular
spaces
The Penis
Corpus spongiosum – found in the ventral of penis
surrounds the urethra and expands to form the
glans and bulb of the penis
Corpora cavernosa – paired dorsal erectile bodies
bound by fibrous tunica albuginea
Crura – proximal end of the penis surrounded by
the ischiocavernosus muscle; anchors the penis to
the pubic arch
Erection – during sexual excitement, the erectile
tissue fills with blood causing the penis to enlarge
and become rigid
Thanks
Aisha Mohammed
[email protected]m
