READING COMPREHENSION
AMONG GRADE 7 STUDENTS IN PRESTIGE
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL: A COMPARATIVE
STUDY OF ENGLIS AND FILIPINO READING
SKILLS
Introduction
When an individual does not comprehend what
they are reading, they can read the same
information multiple times and not remember
what is being conveyed to them. they do not
internalize the information and they are not
actively interacting with the reading.
What is reading comprehension?
Reading comprehension requires the reader to be actively
engaged in the reading process.
Furthermore, the researchers found some supporting information
that could signify the study, this are the five levels of reading skills.
of body text
1. Phonemic Awareness - Phonemic awareness is the ability to
recognize and manipulate the individual sounds, or phonemes, in
spoken words. It is an important skill for learning to read and spell, as
it helps children understand that spoken words are made up of a
series of smaller sounds that can be blended together to form words.
2. Phonics - The Hechinger Report once stated, “Schools too often leave out
a key piece of the reading puzzle because teachers aren’t trained to teach
phonics.” Phonics instruction often gets overlooked or filed under the
previous component of “phonemic awareness.” Instead, phonics must be
broken down and given its own place in explicit instruction for students.
3. Reading Fluency - Effective reading instruction will involve a strong focus on
reading fluency, which is the ability to read text accurately, smoothly, and with
expression. When students can read fluently, it allows them to read text
quickly and easily, which frees up their mental energy to focus on
understanding the meaning of the words they are reading. Along with explicit
reading fluency instruction, frequent oral reading will allow students to practice
the skills learned within a reading program.
4. Vocabulary Development - Vocabulary development is the process of
learning new words and increasing one’s understanding of their meanings. It
is an important component of reading because a strong vocabulary is
essential for good reading comprehension. When children are exposed to a
rich vocabulary, they are able to better understand the words they are
reading and make connections between new words and their prior knowledge.
5. Reading Comprehension - According to an article published by the
Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences, “Reading
comprehension is one of the most complex cognitive activities in which
humans engage, making it difficult to teach, measure, and research.” When
put like this, we can see the vast importance of reading comprehension.
Followed by the information stated, according to Merriam Dictionary, there
are also five types of reading which are:
1. Skimming - Also known as gist reading, this type of reading involves
quickly getting the main idea of a text without focusing on every word.
2. Scanning - This type of reading involves quickly reading to find specific
details.
3. Intensive reading - This type of reading involves reading the text in its
entirety, paying close attention to detail and learning new vocabulary.
4. Extensive reading - This type of reading involves reading for pleasure,
without analyzing every part of the text.
5. Active reading - This type of reading involves engaging with the text
before, during, and after reading. This can include previewing, taking notes,
and asking questions.
Students nowadays do not take reading comprehension seriously
to the point that they already reached high school yet, they still
can’t read or comprehend properly. This kind of situation in
academics is quite alarming, because this can lead to a huge
problems, this can affect the reading and comprehensive aspect of
a student.
That is why researchers chose this field to raise awareness about
this issue that can possibly get out of hand if their is no action
taken right away. This study will test the reading comprehension
skills of grade 7 students in prestige comprehensive school.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The challenge of this study is to assess and
determine the reading comprehension skills of
grade 7 students in prestige comprehensive school.
1.what is the profile of the learners when grouped
according to the following variables?
a.Sex
b.Grade level
2.what is student’s language preference in reading
comprehension of grade 7 students when grouped
according
a) English reading skills
b) Filipino reading skills
3.what practice or technique the readers use
if they are having a difficult
understanding on one’s subject?
a) Individual learning
b) Advanced modules
c) Peer teaching
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
the researchers target respondents are the grade 7 students of
prestige comprehensive school, inc. the scope of this study is to
determine the result and precise population of students who are
struggling or improving in reading comprehension in prestige
comprehensive school, inc.
this study limits the vicinity within only the premises of prestige
comprehensive school, inc, futherthermore the researchers only
conducted this study to those participants which are the grade 7
students of prestige comprehensive school, inc.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
The importance of reading comprehension is not only applied to students but
to everyone, you can use reading comprehension in our everyday basis to
understand one another with clear and precise understanding of what your
surroundings are conveying. The significance of this study is to benefit the
grade 7 students of Prestige Comprehensive School, Inc. To determine the
student’s capacity when it comes to reading comprehension skills.
Furthermore, the school could benefit from this study to help the students,
not only grade 7 students but also to the future and present generation of
students, to help and nurture their skills in this field of study. In addition, this
study could be a starting point of the future generation of researchers to be
their basis, If their chosen field is aligned.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Reading comprehension is crucial not just for understanding text,
but for learning more generally and, thus, education more
broadly. it is also requisite for social activities because of email,
texting and the numerous web applications that people use on
an everyday basis.
Critically, reading comprehension cannot take place in the absence of
either one of these components
The simple view of reading does not imply that reading, or
learning to read, is “simple” but, rather, that variation in
reading ability can be captured (simply) by variation in these
two skills. It is a useful framework for understanding not only
reading development, but also reading difficulties.(oakhill,
jane v, et.al., 2019)
Reading comprehension requires the construction of a coherent mental
representation of the information in a text. reading involves three
interrelated elements—the reader, the text, and the activity, all situated
into a broader sociocultural context.
Reading involves three interrelated elements: the reader, the text, and the
activity or reading task, all situated into a broader sociocultural context. to
comprehend a text, a reader must be equipped with a host of abilities (e.g.,
attention, memory, inference), motivation (e.g., reading goals, interest)
and knowledge (e.g., domain knowledge, linguistic knowledge), all of which
are influenced by the specific texts used and the activity the reader is
engaging in (snow, 2002).
Although each of these elements is important for reading
comprehension, in this article, we emphasize reading processes,
components, and individual differences (reese butterfuss,et.al., jan
2020).
CONCEPTUAL
Evaluating the
FRAMEWORK
Level of Reading
students performance of the comprehension
capacity students among grade 7
• Knowledge level students in
• Participation in
• Reading skill prestige
class
• Translating
• Comprehensive comprehensive
words
reading school, inc: A
from Filipino to
• Fluency comparative
English language,
study of English
vice versa
and Filipino
reading skills
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Engaged . Requires in Reading Comprehension
Skimming. Not retaining the information provided
Decoding. Process of Reading
Conveyed. The information that they read
Analyzing . Allows the person to think critically about the text.
Reading Comprehension. Requires the reader to be actively engaged in the reading process
Requisite. People use on a daily basis
Cognitive. Process of decoding symbols to determine a text's meaning
Vocabulary Development. The process of learning bew words and increasing one's understanding
of their meanings.
Phonemic Awareness. The ability to recognize and manipulate the individuals sounds, or
phonemes,in spoken words.
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the discussions on the research
methodology which is the research design, that will explain
what method did the researchers used. research instruments,
that will help the researchers to measure and analyze the data
on their research respondents of the study, are the people who
participated on the study to answers the surveys and questions
of the researchers. data gathering procedure that will collect
and analyze the information in an organized way that can
support to solve the research problem.
RESEARCH
DESIGN
This study will use quantitative research design to assess and compare the
reading comprehension skills of grade 7 students in English and Filipino.
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENTS
The instrument that the researchers used in this study are test
questionnaires. The researchers will provide the test
questionnaires to their participants which is the grade7 students
to know the current state of the students reading skills.
RESPONDENTS OF THE
STUDY
The participants of this study are students in Prestige
Comprehensive School, Inc. specifically the grade 7
students for school year 2024-2025. purposive sampling, is
the sampling that was used in this study and exclusively for
grade 7 students in prestige comprehensive school.
DATA
GATHERING
PROCEDURE
RESEARCH DESIGN
The study will use a quantitative research
design to assess and compare the reading
comprehension skills of grade 7 students in
English and Filipino language . data will be
collected using a test designed to evaluate
the reading skills in both languages.
POPULATION AND SAMPLE
SELECTION
The population of the study will consist of grade 7
students enrolled in prestige comprehensive school,
inc. during the current academic year. to ensure a
representative sample, the study will adopt purposive
sampling. this will involve selecting a group of
students across various sections within grade 7,
ensuring a diverse representation of students. the
target sample size will be depending on the total
population of grade 7 students in the school.
DEVELOPMENT OF READING COMPREHENSION TEST
The test will be designed to assess the students’ reading
comprehension skills in both english and filipino. the test will be
devidied into 3 categories
• easy
• average
• advanced
The questions will be designed to be at the appropriate
reading level for grade 7 students, with clear,
straightforward instructions in both languages.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE SURVEY
The survey will be administered in person during regular school
hours. students will be given a 15-20 minutes pre-test and post
test to complete the tets. the researchers will be present during
the administration to provide clarifications and ensure that
students are following instructions properly.
• instructions: students will be given brief instructions
on how to fill out the survey, explaining the types of
questions, the two reading passages, and how to
respond accordingly.
DATA COLLECTION
The data collection will be conducted over four days:
• day 1: two test will be given, pre test and post test.
students will answer questions based on an english
reading passage.
• 2: two tests will be given, pre test and post tets. students
will answer questions based on a filipino reading passage.
upon completion, the completed questionnaires will be
collected and stored in a secure location for analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
A comparative analysis will be conducted to
determine whether there are significant differences
between students’ performance in English and Filipino
reading comprehension skills.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Confidentiality: all personal
information will be kept confidential.
No identifying information will be
included in the final report.
TIMELINE FOR DATA COLLECTION
• Preparation phase: 1 week (to prepare the survey, conduct
pilot testing, and revise the instrument)
• Data collection: 2 days (1 day for english survey and 1 day for
filipino survey)
• Data analysis: 1 week (to analyze the data and prepare
findings)
REPORTING RESULTS
Once the data is analyzed, the results will be
presented in the form of tables and graphs to show a
clear comparison between the students' reading
comprehension skills in english and filipino. the
findings will be discussed in relation to previous
research, and recommendations will be made for
improving reading comprehension in both languages
among grade 7 students.
TREATMENT OF
DATA
The researchers will provide a pre-test and a post-test to determine the
expected results. the questionnaires are based on a online reading test
that could determine their capacity level either poor, average, or
advanced.
if the pre test has low expected results, the researchers will establish a
post-test to determine the expected result
if the post test has successfully improved, the researchers will illustrate a
graph to determine the result of the before and after the pre-test and post
test. the researchers will combine both results and will establish further
recommendations to
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