CLIMATOL
OGY
ANGELO CARDONA CONCHA
ANGELO CARDONA CONCHA
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this report, we aim to
understand:
• Definition of climatology
• Differentiate natural to artificial forces
• Climate zones around the globe
• Climate change meaning and impacts
• Mitigation and adaptation
• Climate research
• General summary of climate itself
According to the topic
about the overview of
climatology, in general,
are very common,
especially in the:
WINDS/ATMOSPHERE
OCEANS/HYDROSPHERE
LANDS/LITHOSPHERE
ICE/CRYOSPHERE
LIVING ORGANISMS
• It aims to understand critically for addressing climate
change, protecting the environment, ensuring food and
water security, and making informed decisions for a
sustainable future. With all things considered, main
topics cover in this presentation are climate systems,
climate variability and pattern, climate zones and
classifications, climate change, climate impacts,
climate policy and mitigation, climate modeling,
climate data analysis, climate, paleoclimatology.
WHAT IS
CLIMATOLOGY
?
Climatology derive from words:
“climate” – weather condition long period
“logos” – study of
Which sum up as “scientific study about of climate,
that consists of analyzing long-term patterns and
variations in weather conditions. On the other
hand, it examines the interaction among Earth's
climate system. Moreover, Its mainly focused on
natural forces and artificial forces that influence
long-term weather pattern.
Climatologists collect and
analyze data from various
sources to study climate
patterns and trends such as:
Earth System and Climate Models
Historical Data
Satellite Observations
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
CLIMATE
NATURAL FORCES
Solar Radiation - it
is a general term
that includes
various types of
radiation nor it
plays a significant
role in shaping
Earth's climate.
NATURAL FORCES
Greenhouse Gases -
gases present in the
Earth's atmosphere
that contribute to the
greenhouse effect,
leading to an
increase in the
Earth's surface
temperature. These
gases have the ability
to absorb and emit
infrared radiation,
trapping heat within
the atmosphere.
NATURAL FORCES
Ocean Currents - are
patterns of water
movement in the
oceans that play a
crucial role in shaping
the Earth's climate
and weather patterns.
They are primarily
driven by a
combination of
factors, including
winds, seawater
density, and the
shape of the ocean
basins.
NATURAL FORCES
Topography - refers to
the physical features
and characteristics of
the Earth's surface,
including its elevation,
relief, and the
distribution of
landforms. It
encompasses the
study and description
of the shape, height,
and arrangement of
natural and artificial
features on the Earth's
surface.
ARTIFICIAL FORCES
Burning Fossil
fuels - it release
nitrogen oxides
into the
atmosphere,
which contribute
to the formation
of smog and acid
rain.
ARTIFICIAL FORCES
Deforestation - a
drying out tropical
rainforests increa
ses fire damage
that destroys
forests rapidly
and harms wild
animals as well
as humans.
ARTIFICIAL FORCES
Livestock Farming –
An animal agriculture
where greenhouse
gas emissions,
including nitrous
oxide and methane,
water pollution and
the destruction of
forests and other wild
areas that help to
regulate the planet’s
atmosphere.
CLIMATE ZONES
Its divided by intervals from poles which the
direction run east to west.
It is a belt shaped of the world that has a
distinct climate.
First introduced in 1884 by the well-known
German-Russian climatologist Wladimir
Köppen in his Köppen climate classification.
BROAD CLIMATE GROUPS
P
T C
T
TROPICAL CLIMATES
A type of climate that is typically found in the
equatorial or tropical zones.
The average monthly temperature in the coolest
month is 18 °C.
Tropical climates are known for their hot
temperatures.
DRY CLIMATES
Characterized by low levels of precipitation and
limited moisture in the atmosphere.
There are two main types of dry climates: arid and
semi-arid.
In dry climates, evaporation is often greater than
precipitation, leading to dry and arid conditions.
TEMPERATE
CLIMATES
Characterized by moderate temperatures and
distinct seasons.
Ranging from approximately 23.5° to 66.5° north
and south of the equator.
In temperate climates, the four seasons are well-
defined: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
CONTINENTAL
CLIMATES
characterized by a significant annual temperature
range and distinct seasons.
distribution of rainfall can vary, with some areas
experiencing more rainfall in the summer months and
others having a more even distribution throughout the
year.
In continental climates, winters are cold and summers
are warm or hot.
POLAR CLIMATES
characterized by extremely cold temperatures and are
typically found near the Earth's poles, including the
Arctic and Antarctic regions.
have distinct features that are shaped by the extreme
cold and the presence of ice and snow.
In polar climates, summers are short and cool, while
winters are long, bitterly cold, and characterized by
continuous darkness.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change refers to long-
term shifts and alterations in
the Earth's climate patterns and
weather conditions.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ECO SYSTEMS
Ocean acidification
AGRICULTURE
El Niño
WATER RESOURCES
La Niña
COASTAL AREAS
Rising Sea Levels
NORTH/SOUTH POLE
Melting Ice Glaciers
CITY/RESIDENTIAL
Heat Waves
POSSIBLE EXTREME CONDITIONS
H T
C
HURRICANES
TORNADO/THUNDER
STORMS
Characterized by their
counterclockwise rotation
in the Northern
Hemisphere and clockwise
rotation in the Southern
Hemisphere.
CYCLONE
TROPICAL DEPRESSION
AND STORM
The term "cyclone" is used in the
Indian Ocean and the South
Pacific Ocean. Cyclones also
have a counterclockwise rotation
in the Southern Hemisphere,
similar to hurricanes. However, in
the South Pacific, cyclones can
rotate clockwise in the region
near Australia.
TYPHOONS/SUPER THY STRONG WINDS AND
PHOONS THUNDER STORMS
The term "typhoon" is used
in the Northwest Pacific
Ocean, particularly in the
region near Asia. Typhoons
have a counterclockwise
rotation in the Northern
Hemisphere.
MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
It’s a great significance for individuals,
businesses, and governments to take
adopting energy-efficient practices,
supporting renewable energy
initiatives, and advocating for policies
that promote sustainability and
environmental stewardship in order to
prevent the possible consequence of
natural and artificial forces.
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO COPE
WITH THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
Limiting Global Temperature Rise
By reducing these emissions, we
can slow down the rate of global
warming and limit the increase in
average temperatures, which is
crucial for preserving the planet's
ecosystems and preventing
catastrophic climate events.
Protecting the Environment and
Biodiversity
By transitioning to
renewable energy sources,
we can reduce pollution and
minimize the environmental
impact associated with fossil
fuel extraction and
combustion.
Improving Air Quality and Human Health
By reducing these emissions, we
can slow down the rate of global
warming and limit the increase in
average temperatures, which is
crucial for preserving the planet's
ecosystems and preventing
catastrophic climate events.
Creating Green Jobs and Economic Opportunities
reduce dependence
on fossil fuel imports
and promote local and
regional development.
Building Resilience
can protect communities,
infrastructure, and
livelihoods from the
damaging effects of
climate change.
SIGNIFICANCE OF UNDERSTANDING
CLIMATOLOGY FOR ADDRESSING
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MAKING
INFORMED DECISIONS
We can better comprehend
the complexities of climate
change and make
informed decisions that
contribute to a more
sustainable and resilient
future
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