A General Guide

INBRED RICE
SEED PRODUCTION
 1Used high quality seeds of a recommended variety
relatively pure; clean; full &
uniform in size; & have minimum
germination rate of 85%.

less weeds

healthy seedlings

more fertilizer-responsive; stronger pest resistance

fast & uniform growth resulting in efficient

crop establishment & harvesting activities

Use Breeder Seeds for institutionalized seed growers.

Use Foundation Seeds for seed growers.
 INBRED SEED PRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION AND GROUPS
RESPONSIBLE
TYPE OF SEED GROUP RESPONSIBLE
Maintenance and production of
nucleus seeds Plant breeders,
Breeding institutions
Production and distribution of Breeding institutions,
breeder seeds
Plant breeders

Foundation seed production and

distribution Seed growers

Registered seed production and Seed growers

distribution

Certified seed production Farmers

 Land Preparation
2 No high & low soil spots after final levelling

less water to fill up

more uniform water distribution
easier drainage

more efficient fertilizer

application

less weed incidence

better snail management

uniform crop maturity

timely harvesting
 Land Preparation
 Field should have 2-5 cm water depth during land leveling

 No visible mounds of soil above water surface

after final leveling
Land Preparation
 Crop establishment
3Practiced synchronous planting after a fallow period

efficient use of irrigation less spread of pest damage

 Crop establishment
 The field should have a fallow period of at least 30 days
after harvest.
It should be planted 14 days before and after the majority of
the irrigation service area has been planted.
 Crop establishment
4Sufficient number of healthy seedlings
Better nutrient
compete better better root uptake
against weeds growth

More efficient
nutrient use

Healthy seedlings

Sowing right amount of seeds

Transplanting right amount of seedlings
Giving right nutrients
 Seed management
Re-heat
• Before soaking Re-heat the 40
kg/ha RS seed at least 2 hours
Soaking
• Soak seeds for 12-24 hours in clean water or until
the seeds have swelled. Do not throw seeds that
float.
 Change water every 6 hours, if these are not
soaked in flowing/running water.
 Remove from water, wash the seeds
Incubation
• Incubate for 12-36 hours or until a white
dot/protrusion (this is the root) has been observed to
come out from the seeds
• Keep seeds warm (not hot) and moist (not too wet)
during incubation to facilitate and ensure germination
 Seedling management

Sowing and Seedbedding

• Construct 400m2 seedbed

(raised, 1m wide, of any
length)

 Spread evenly & mix lightly on top of seedbed 10 bags

of organic materials for every 400m2 seedbed
 Makes the soil loose & friable
 Facilitates pulling of seedlings
 Minimizes root damage
 Seedling management

Sowing and
Seedbedding
• Sow incubated seeds at a rate of only
100g/m2 (about 2x handful) to ensure
healthy growth of seedlings
• If nutrient deficiency is observed:
• Apply 17 kgs complete (14-14-14) fertilizer and 5kgs urea (46-0-0) for the whole
seedbed area 7-10 days after sowing, Dry Season.
• Apply 12 kgs complete (14-14-14) fertilizer and 4 kgs urea (46-0-0) for the whole
seedbed area 7-10 days after sowing, Wet Season.

• Irrigate the seedbed 5 DAS. Maintain 1-2cm (less than half

thumb high) of water.
 Transplanting
• Dry Season: 1-2 seedlings/hill
• Wet Season: 1-2 seedlings/hill 20cm x 15cm

20cm x 20cm distance

15 cm

Transplant the seedlings 18-21 DAS.

Replant 5-7 Days After Transplanting.
There should be at least 25 hills/sq meter
 Nutrient management
5 Sufficient nutrients at tillering to early panicle initiation &
flowering
NUTRIENTS

oversupply sufficient undersupply

pest uniform less tillers

damage growth
lodging uniform slow growth
panicle dev’t
low grain
attainment weight
of yield
potential
 Nutrient management
D

• Basal - Apply 3 bags of 14-14-14 or 4 bags of 16-20-0 per hectare. (Initial Veg)

• 1st top dress – Apply 3 bags of urea per ha. 10 DAT (veg stage)

• Final top dress – Apply 45 kg urea and 60 kg 0-0-60 per ha. (before reproductive
stage)

• Basal - Apply 3 bags of 14-14-14 or 120 kgs of 16-20-0 per hectare. (Initial Veg)

• 1st top dress – Apply 3 bags of urea per ha. 10 DAT (veg stage)

• Final top dress – Apply 1 bag urea and 40 kg 0-0-60 per ha. (before reproductive
stage)
 GUIDE IN FERTILIZER APPLICATION
FERTILIZER APPLIED
GROWTH PHASE/STAGES TIMING OF APPLICATION
DRY SEASON WET SEASON
VEGETATIVE (DEPEND ON
A VARIETY)

• BASAL • 1 day before • 3 bags of 14-14-14 or 4 • 3 bags of 14-14-14 or

transplanting or 3 DAT bags of 16-20-0 per 120 kgs of 16-20-0 per
hectare hectare
• 1st topdress (Split • 10 DAT • Apply 3 bags of urea • Apply 3 bags of urea
application) per hectare per ha
• Final top dress • before reproductive • Apply 1 bag urea • Apply 45 kgs. urea
stage

REPRODUCTIVE (30 DAS)

• Application of MOP • 7 Days after PI • Apply 60 kg 0-0-60 per • Apply 40 kg 0-0-60 per
Hectare ha

RIPENING (35 DAS) NO FERTILIZER REQUIRED

AFTER HARVEST Dry immediately at 12-14% MC and store in dry & cool places
 Water management
6 Avoided excessive water or drought stress that could affect
the growth and yield of the crop

• Adequate water supply facilitates land preparation

& ensures good crop establishment .

• It also promotes seedling vigor & normal crop

growth and development, with minimal lodging.

• Water transports nutrients from the soil to the plant.

• There is better nutrient uptake with right
amount of water because it corrects some
nutrient imbalances & leaching is minimized.
 Water management

A practical indicator to irrigate

Safe AWD = Irrigate when water depth ~ 15 cm

AWD can be started 21 DAT to assist suppression of the weeds by the

ponded water and improved the efficacy of herbicide
 Water management
• Irrigate the field 3-5 cm during
vegetative to maximum stage.

• Irrigate the field 5-7 cm during

flowering (reproductive)

Drain the field 2 weeks before harvest. –clay soil

Drain the field 1 weeks before harvest. –sandy soil
Rouging (ALL STAGES)
 Rouging (pull/discard)
Off-types (10 DAT)
Plant height: Rogue plants that are unusually
taller or shorter than the most of the plant.

Panicle: Rogue plants with partially exerted panicles

because at heading time, these off-types will have
earlier or later panicle emergence.

Seed or Grain: If most of the plants have

grains that have awns then rogue those
without awns (& vice –versa).
Rouging (pull/discard)
Off-types (10 DAT)

Leaf color, sheath, stem: Rogue plant that

have discolored or differently-colored leaves,
sheath, stem.

Flag leaf angle: Rogue plants with flag leaf

that is upright (A);

or bent (B) unlike the rest of the plant.

 pest management
7 No significant yield loss due to pests
• Knowledge of the interactions of the rice crop with the biotic factors,
agro-ecosystem, & the crop management system help in understanding
how to minimize pest damage.

• Correct pest identification & application of ICM (i.e. resistant variety;

date & method of crop establishment; fertilizer & water
management; & pesticide use) also help.

• Proper pest management results in good

seed or grain quality.
 pest management
• Maintain cleanliness in the rice field

 Practice synchronous
planting (plant within a
month of the regular planting
time)

 Use pesticides
only when needed
 Conduct regular
monitoring
 pest management

 From seedling to early

tillering stage, the sign of BB
incidence is known as
KRESEK or wilt syndrome

 At maximum tillering stage onward, sign of leaf blight

occurs
 Water-soaked stripes occur on the leaves
 When these increase in size, the leaves become yellow and dry up
 pest management
Conditions favoring Bacterial Blight

• high humidity
• continuous rain with strong winds  deep water/flooding
 high application rate
of N also favor BB
 pest management
To minimize damage caused by Bacterial
Blight:

• avoid wounding seedlings during transplanting

• maintain shallow water in nursery beds

 avoid excessive N fertilization; apply in split

 provide good drainage during severe flooding
 plow under rice stubble and straw after harvest
 observe fallow period
 pest management
Tungro

• Characterized by yellow to orange

mottled leaves
• Diseased plants are moderately to
severely stunted and are
irregularly distributed in the field

 Green leafhoppers (GLH) spread the tungro virus from

the diseased to the healthy plants
 Plants at tillering stage are most susceptible to
infection
 pest management
Tungro
Management
Practice
• There is no need to spray when: synchronous
• Still at the seedbed/seedling stage; planting
• plants that are more than 60 days old;
• no tungro and few GLH are present.

• Destroy stubbles in tungro-infected rice field right after

harvest
• Do not plant rice in the affected field for at least a month to
eliminate hosts of GLH and tungro virus.
 pest management
Golden Apple Snail
(GAS)

• Newly transplanted seedlings up

to 15 days after transplanting are
vulnerable to GAS damage
• Missing hills and floating cut
leaves on the water surface are
signs of snail damage
 pest management
Management options for
GAS

• Handpicking – facilitated by:

• using attractants (leaves of gabi,
banana, papaya, and even old
newspapers)
• placing a wire or woven bamboo screen
on the main irrigation water inlet and
outlet
• Constructing small canals along the
edges
 pest management
Management options for GAS
• Putting bamboo stakes in water-logged areas of the paddy or near canals
• Herding of ducks in rice paddies after harvest up to the last harrowing
 pest management
Rats

• Rats attack at all stages

of rice growth but more
while grains are maturing
• Damage is generally
higher in wet season
• Signs: missing hills and cut or bent tillers

To effectively manage rats,

community-wide action is recommended
 pest management
Management Options for Rats

• Construct baits
• Dig of rat burrows and holes
• Use of flame thrower
• Use blanketing method
• Minimizing size of levees (6” wide x 8”
high) to avoid rat burrows
• Remove all straw piles in the field after
harvest
 pest management
Management Options for
Rats
• trap barrier system (TBS)
• combines the use of rice as trap,
a plastic fence, and
multicapture
traps. It capitalizes on the rats’
behavior of entering
holes and
running along the sides of the paddy
• environment-friendly
• requires only P2,700.00 for a
10ha rice field
• Rat damage
• 2% in fields with TBS; 33% in fields
without TBS.
 Harvest management
8Cut & threshed the crop at the right time
REAPING

too early timely too late

large % good grain grain

of immature quality shattering
& half-
filled high market milling
grains value breakage
low MR, consumer low grain
low grain acceptance quality
quality
 Harvest & Postharvest
management
• Thresh immediately to minimize field losses and
deterioration of grain quality
 Harvest & Postharvest
management

 Dry palay to 14% moisture content,

preferably using a mechanical dryer
 Drying should be gradual and mixing
should be frequent to ensure even Sun drying
drying

Prone to grain cracking

“basag na butil”
Consultation of seed inspector
with the seed grower
Seed standard in the
Philippines
Seed standard in the
Philippines
FIELD INSPECTION
 Magandang Buhay…
Magandang Ani, Madaming Kita…

Thank you!