NETWORKING
FUNDAMENTALS
Course Outline
Basics of networking
Network Devices
Cable and wireless
Binary
IP Addresses
LAN – WAN
OSI and TCP/IP Models
Packet Tracer
Other Course
CH01
Basics Of Networking
* A computer network can be defined as “two or more
computers connected by some means through
which they are capable of sharing information
Network Devices and
Components
Network Topologies
• Physical Topology: It describes how devices are physically cabled
• Logical Topology: It describes how devices communicate across
physical topology (how data moves through the network)
Bus Topology Star Topology
Mesh Topology
MAC Structure
Organizationally Vendor Assigned
Unique (NIC Cards,
Identifier (OUI) Interfaces)
Size, in bits 24 Bits 24 Bits
Size, in hex 6 Hex Digits 6 Hex Digits
digits
Example 00 60 2F 3A 07 BC
CH02
Network Devices
*Hubs
*Switches
*Multi-Layer Switches
*Routers
HUBS
SWITCHES
MAC Address
Multi-Layer Switches
Routers
CH03
Cable
RJ45
Other Cable
Twisted Pair Cable Categories:
• Cat 3: 10 Mbps (Ethernet)
• Cat 5: 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet)
• Cat 5e: 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
• Cat 6: 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
• Cat 6a: 10000 Mbps (10 Gigabit
Ethernet)
• Cat 7: 10000 Mbps (10 Gigabit Ethernet)
• Cat 7a: 100000 Mbps (100 Gigabit
Ethernet)
Maximum distance is 100 meters, Why?!
• Attenuation: The reduction of signal
strength during transmission
Wiring Standards
MDI/MDIX
Ethernet Connection Rules
Unlike Devices Use Straight-through
Like Devices Use Crossover
wireless
CH04
Bina ry M a t h
Basic of Decimal Math (0–9)
5328
1000 100 10 1
5000 + 300 + 20 + 8 = 5328
Basic of Binary Math (0-1)
t “one digit”: a zero or one (off or on)
te: eight bits
en called an “octet”
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Binary to Decimal Conversion
hat is binary 10110010 in decimal?
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128 0 32 16 0 0 2 0 178
+ + + + + + + =
Decimal to Binary Conversion
hat is decimal 154 in binary ?
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128 0 0 16 8 0 2 0 154
+ + + + + + + = 10011010
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
CH05
IP Addresses
IP V4
192.168.10.1
IP V6
2031:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B
IP Addresses
Subnet Mask
The Classes
Rang Networ Number Hosts Default
Host
Class e of k
Portion
of per Subnet
Class Portion Networks Network Mask
1- 16,777,21
Class A 126
8 24 128
4
255.0.0.0
128 – 255.255.0.
Class B 191
16 16 16,384 65,534 0
192 – 255.255.25
Class C 223
24 8 2,097,152 254 5.0
Class D 224 - Not Not Not Not Not
(multicast) 239 defined defined defined defined defined
Class E 240 – Not Not Not Not Not
(reserved) 254 defined defined defined defined defined
CH06
LAN - WAN
CH07
OSI and TCP/IP Models
Layer 7
Application
Layer 6 Application
Presentation Layer
Layer 5
Session
Layer 4 Transport
Transport Layer
Layer 3 Internet
Network Layer
Layer 2
Data Link Network
Access
Layer 1
Layer
Physical
* PROTOCOLS
CH08
Packet Tracer
Other Course
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