Group 05
2. Describe Types of Beams and
Supports. ams
Describe Types of Loading and
Reactions from Supports of
Beams
Types Of Beam: Know Classification
of Different Types, Support & Load
Action
A beam:- is a horizontal structural element that is used to withstand loads
placed laterally to its axis.
Deflection in beams is primarily incited by Bending, and the reaction forces are
generated at the supports of the beam.
Shear forces and bending moments are created within the beams by the
combined effects of all the forces acting on them, leading to internal stresses,
strains, and beam deflections.
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Some of the common beams employed in building construction works include;-
i) Simply Supported Beams,
ii)Cantilever Beam,
iii)Overhanging Beam,
iv) Fixed End Beam, and
v) Continuous Beam.
However, based on the suitability and design considerations, there are different
classification criteria for beams, enumerated as under;-
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1.Based on End Supports ConditionConsidering the end support conditions, beams
can be classified as;
Simply supported beam
Cantilever beam
Continuous beam
Fixed end beam
Overhanging beam
Double overhanging beam
2.Based on the Shape of the Cross-Section
-Beams are also classified on the basis of the cross-section. These include;-
i)I-Beam ii) H-Beam iii) L-beam iv) C-Beam and v)T-Beam
I-beam;- is a standard ‘I’ shaped structural beam that finds extensive utility
in bridges, garages, hospitals, etc.
A typical I beam comprises of two flanges connected by a slender portion
called a web.
While the flanges resist bending stresses, the web primarily resists Shear
forces.
.
T-Beam
A T-beam:- is a load-bearing beam of RCC, wood, with a T-shaped cross-section.
The top of a typical T-shaped beam consists of a flange that primarily resists
compressive stresses, while the web resists shear stresses.
In comparison to the I beam, T beams are asymmetrical in cross-section.
L- Beam
L-beams;- have an ‘L’ shaped cross-section and they are used for small load applications.
Typical L beams are compact and lightweight and are used at corners between two plates.
.
C- Beam
C- beams;- are also called parallel flange channel (PFC) beams.
These beams consist of a wide web, and two flanges sticking from a side of the beam,
giving it a peculiar C shape.
3.Based on the Equilibrium Condition
Based on the equilibrium condition we have classified beams into two types mainly.
Statically Determinate Beam
In a statically determinate beam, the reaction forces can be determined by employing
equilibrium equations alone. These beams can easily be analyzed by using static
equations.
Statically Indeterminate Beam
In case the reaction forces cannot be determined by employing the equilibrium
equations alone, then such beams are called Statically indeterminate beams. In such
beams, the deformation equations along with the equilibrium equations are required to
determine the reaction forces.
Types of Supports in Beams
The stability and load-bearing capability of a structure’s members
are highly affected by its supports. Depending on the type of
structural member, suitable supports are placed or built for load
transfer. Structural members can span either vertically or
horizontally.
Roller, pinned, and fixed connections are the three most common
types of supports in beams and structures to connect them to its
foundation.
.
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What is a Support Reaction?
Reactions;- are the forces and moments which are applied to a rigid body by its
supports.
When external loads are applied to a rigid body, these support reactions which are
forces and moments react to those external forces. Generally, a support exerts a
reaction force (in opposite direction with the external force) in a certain direction if
it blocks translation in that direction. If rotation is blocked, the support applies a
couple or moment in that direction of rotation.
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Beams can experience different types of loading and support reactions, including:
Types of loading
Beams can experience a variety of loading types, including:
Axial load: A load that acts along the beam's axis, causing tension or compression
Temperature load: A load that results from the beam's thermal expansion or
contraction
Wind load: A load that is exerted on the beam due to wind pressure
.
Live load: A variable load that results from the movement, usage, or occupancy of
people, equipment, or materials on the beam
Dead load: A permanent load that results from the weight of the structure itself and
any fixed elements
Dynamic load: A load that changes in direction or magnitude over time, such as
from moving vehicles or vibration
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Support reactions;- are the forces and moments that a structure's supports exert to
maintain equilibrium and counterbalance loads.
They are important for analyzing and designing structures because they determine
how loads are distributed within the system.
