STATISTIC AND
PROBABILITY
KINNEDY C. GEMENTIZA
Subject Teacher
Random Variable
Random Variable is a result of chance of
event that you can measure or count. It is
also numerical quantity that is derived
from the outcomes of a random
experiments.
Situation:
The amount of money a person wins in a
lottery.
Situation:
The amount of money a person wins in a
lottery.
- because the amount can vary depending on the
number of winners and the size of the prize pool.
Situation:
Winning a lottery
- one in a million
Situation:
Weather Planning
- Meteorologists around the world use different
instruments and tools to predict weather changes.
- If there are 40% chances of raining then the
weather condition is such that 40 of 100 days it
rained.
What is Probability?
- is a number that reflects the chance or
likelihood that a particular event will
occur.
What is Distribution?
-that shows the possible values for a
variable and how often they occur.
Probability Distribution
of Discrete Random
Variable
Objectives:
a. Define probability Distribution
b. Illustrate a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable.
c. Construct probability distribution for a
discrete random variable.
What is this?
Getting an odd number in a single roll of a
die.
1
- Since there are 3 odd numbers in a die
2
Example:
Tossing a coin twice
Sample Space (Outcome) Number of Heads How many possible ways can this
(Random Variable X) happen, if you flip a coin twice?
(Probability of X)
HH 2 1 out of 4 outcomes
HT
1 2 out of 4 outcomes
TH
TT 0 1 out of 4 outcomes
Example:
Value of X 2 1 0
Probability of X: 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
p(x) or f(x) 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Definition:
Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random
Variable – is a list all the possible values that the
random variable can assume and their corresponding
probabilities.
Properties:
The sum of all probabilities should be 1.
P(x) = 1
Probabilities should be confined between
zero (0) and 1.
0≤ P(x) ≤ 1
Example:
1. Y 2 4 6 8
P(Y) ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
2. X 0 1 3 5
P(X) 1/3 1/6 1/3 ¼
Example:
3. Z 4 7 8 9
P(Z) 1/5 1/5 2/5 1/5
4. H 2 4 6 8
P(H) 0. 25 0. 40 0. 20 0. 15
5. G 5 10 15 20
P(G) 0. 25 0. 20 0.20 0.35
Activity:
Getting a tail in tossing a coin.
Getting a red ball from a box containing 3 red and 6
black balls.
Answer Me!
1. What is probability distribution?
2. How to illustrate a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable.
3. What do you think is the importance of probability
distribution in our lives?
4. What are the properties of probability distribution
for a discrete random variable.
ACTIVITY TIME:
Direction: Illustrate a probability distribution of a discrete
random variable.
1. In a file of 10 records with 2 errors, 5 are examined. Let the
random variable X be the number of errors.
2. Three paper bills are drawn in succession without
replacement from a piggy bank containing ten 20 – peso bill,
fifteen 50 – peso bill, and five 100- peso bill. Let random
variable X be the number of 20 – peso bill drawn.
Determine whether the distribution is a
discrete probability distribution.
x 3 6 8
P(x) -0.3 0.6 0.7
x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 3/10 1/10 1/10 2/10 3/10
