ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING
01 DRAFTING
01
INSTRUMENTS
& MATERIALS
this presentation is for educational purposes only - arch.jmivechiverri
objectives
● To familiarize yourself with the drafting instruments &
materials that you will be using for the course.
● To apply the proper use of drafting instruments & materials.
Drafting
•The academic discipline of creating standardized technical
drawing by architects, interior designer, engineers and related
professionals.
•Standards and conventions for layout, line thickness, text size,
symbols, view projections, descriptive geometry, dimensioning
and notations are used to create drawings that are ideally
interpreted in only one way.
•The person who drafts is called drafter, drafting
technician, draftsperson, draftsman.
sketchi methods
Manual or by Computer
ng instrument aided design
Instruments &
Materials
Architects and designers need instruments
and supplies including large adjustable
drawing table or drawing board and chair. An
overhead adjustable lamp (fluorescent light) is
required in addition to general illumination.
T-
SQUAR
E
for drawing horizontal lines. It can be 18, 24, 32, 36, 42, 48
inches in length. It is made of aluminum, stainless steel, wood
and metal blades
Triangl
used to draw vertical lines, inclined lines or
es specific lines of any angles such as 30, 45, 60
degrees. Adjustable triangle is use in variety of
inclined lines. 12 inches is best to use
this presentation is for educational purposes only - arch.jmivechiverri
METRI
C use primarily for drawing architectural, structural,
mechanical details. The purpose is to represent a
SCALE large objects at a reduce scale to fit on a drafting
paper. Some are color coded. Always observe scale
from directly above. Common scale are
1:50,1:75,1:100, 1:200, 1:250, and 1:500 Meters.
Plan: 1:100M Site Dev Plan: 1:500M
Details: 1:10 or 1:20M Blow-up Details:1:1, 1:2, 1:5M
Drawing Scale
& Scales
*scale
–noun
the relation to the size (proportion) of a representation (drawing) that an
object bears to the actual object itself: a model on a scale of one inch to
one foot, or 1cm to 1meter (1:100).
1:1/1:100
1:5/1:50
1:10/1:100
1:20/1:200
1:1250/1:2500
The purpose of scales is to allow an engineer, architect, technician or
contractor to determine scaled measurements from drawings or maps
very quickly and easily.
COMPASS AND
RELATED
DRAWING
INSTRUMENTS
Compass is use for small and
intermediate circles and arcs.
Extension Arm is use for very
large circles. Adaptor or ink
attachment.
TECHNICA
L PENS
design with tubular point within which is a fine wire that controls
the ink in flow. Use it with clog free waterproof drawing ink that
will not fade if exposed to light. Commonly used are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5
PENCI
LS writing implement or art medium usually
constructed of a narrow graphite solid pigment
core inside a protective casing. It is made up of
graphite mixed with clay binder. Pencil and ink are
most versatile media to artist and designer.
Pencil can be hard, medium, or soft. “B” stands for
softness and “H” stands for hardness. 9H is the
hardest (smallest diameter) and 6B is the softest
(largest diameter).
HB is use for lettering and sharp defined line.
F, H are multipurpose in use and for architectural
layout
B to 6B are use in freehand sketching
HARD 9H to 2H
MEDIUM H, F, HB
SOFT 2B to 6B
Ways of making detail in
pencil :
1.The way you sharpen it. There are different types of pencil
point.
a. Conical Point (simplest and uniform)
b. Chisel Point ,Blunt (broad)
c. Elliptical Point (special purposes)
2. The way you hold it. There are various ways of holding a
pencil.
a. typical position
b. for free work
c. extremely free work and inverted position
d. braced position (for detailing)
Mechanical Pencil is of two types:
1. Clutch Pencil or Mechanical Holder (2mm in diameter)
2. Fine Leader Holder – push button lead is 0.3 to 0.9mm but 0.5mm is
popular, need not to be sharpen.
ERASER
soft vinyl or plastic eraser that
are pliable and smudge free
yields the best results. Examples
are Staedtler mars, Magic rub,
Helix
ERASing
shield
thin metal cover that protects
drawn lines while erasing
unwanted lines.
CUTTER OR
SHARPENER
blades that are use to sharpen
the pencils. Various types are
available for specific use such as
Olfa knife (cutting), X-acto knife
PENCIL
(detailing), Utility knife (heavy
materials).
POINTE
R
use to produce a pointed lead of
a pencil.
MASKING TAPE /
magic tape
it holds the drawing paper in
place to avoid deviating from
RAGS /
proper position.
DRAFTING
DUSTER
use to clean the surface of the
paper after erasures.
FRENCH
CURVE
are irregular curves that have no
constant radii. Flexible curve is
use to draw almost any curve in
contour lines by shaping and
bending it.
PROTRA
CTOR
use to measure angles. It can
either be circular or semicircular.
DRAWI
NG There are two classifications of paper. Machine-made
paper that is use in exercises of lines and drawings.
PAPER Handmade or Mould-made papers hat is use for rendered
drawings.
a. Drawing paper (drafting)
b. Sketch pad (freehand and rendering)
c. Tracing paper (design) – especially treated papers.
Linen, polyester, film transparent or semi-transparent in
nature. They allow the lines underneath to be clearly
seen and so copied or traced when placed over original
drawing.
d. Illustration board (drawing presentations) – comes in
1/16 or 1/32 inches thickness suitable for both finish
drawing presentation and fine presentation models. Other
types includes chipboards and foam core board that are
excellent for model making
Paper Sizes & Standard
Sheets
Name that
instrument
Flexible
curve
Drawing
canister/tub
e
Drawing
pen/
felt tip pens
Furniture
template
Technical drawing - Wikipedia
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