Planets of the Solar System
Chapter – The Universe
By Group 1 Madhava, Roll No.s - 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 29, 30
Big Bang
Theory
• The Big Bang is how astronomers
explain the began of universe
• It is believed that the universe
started as a single compressed dot
and then expanded and stretched
to grow as large as it is now and is
still stretching.
• It occurred more than 13.8 million
years ago
• The Belgian priest Georges
Lemaitre is credited with first
theorizing the Big Bang back in the
1920s
Mercury (Budh)
• It is the closest planet to the sun, which
causes it to be very hot (400 °C)
• It is covered with many craters
• Due to the lack of an atmosphere
caused by weak gravitational force, it
becomes very cold at night (-200 °C)
• Mercury can be observed just before
sunset and just after sunrise as it is
hidden by the glare of the sun
Venus (Shukra)
• Venus is about the same size as the Earth, and is the closest planet to
the Earth. Venus has 0 moons.
• It is a very hot planet (480°C), even hotter than Mercury, though it is
further away from the Sun. This is because of the high percentage of
carbon dioxide in its atmosphere, which causes heating due to the
greenhouse effect.
• It appears as the brightest planets in the sky due to its cloudy
atmosphere, which reflects almost 75 per cent of the sun light that
falls on it .
• Venus is commonly know as the evening and morning star(though it is
not a star). It appears just above the western horizon for 292 days. For
the next 292 days, it appears in the eastern sky as morning star.
• Unlike the Earth and most other planets, Venus rotates on it’s axis
from east to west, I.e in the opposite direction.
• When observed from earth, Venus shows phases just like the moon.
Earth (Prithvi)
• Earth is the 3rd planet from sun and is known for the only planet on
which life can exist .
• Earth also has its own atmosphere containing gases like nitrogen,
oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. Out of thess oxygen is most important
as we breath it .Water is also present on earth in liquid form which is
another important factor for survival on earth .
• As it is at the perfect distance from sun, its neither to hot neither to
cold and makes an apt temperature to survive on earth .
• Its atmosphere also contains an important ozone layer which protects
us from all the harmful radiations Of sun . It is made up of Only 3
oxygen atoms !
• From space it appears blue –green due to reflection of light by water
and land mass .
• It rotates on its imagery axis and revolves around sun in its orbit .
One rotation of earth On its axis takes 24 hours where as one
revolution around sun takes 365 1/4 days but we consider it as 365
days , rest ¼ day is added after every 4 years . This year is called
Mars
( Mangal)
• Mars, also known as the red planet is
the 4th planet in our solar system.
• Mars has a very thin atmosphere due
to which it is a cold planet with
temperatures raging from –120 c –25
c.
• Mars being a planet that can be made
habitable many rovers and satellites
are launched in a launch window in
which the distance to mars is the
shortest, it comes only once in two
years
• A private company named SpaceX.
claims that it will have a colony on
mars by 2050.
Jupiter
(Brihaspati)
• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the
largest in the Solar System
• It is a gas giant with a mass more than two
and a half times that of all the other planets in
the Solar System combined, but slightly less
than one-thousandth the mass of the Sun.
• It has 79 moons.
• It's orbital period is 12 years.
• The planet is very similar to a star, but it never
got big enough to start burning.
Saturn (Shani)
• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and
the second-largest planet in our solar system
• Saturn has 82 moons. 53 moons are
confirmed and are named and another 29
moons are awaiting confirmation of
discovery and official naming.
• Saturn is considered as the
most beautiful planet of the solar
system because of its rings.
• Saturn is a very cold planet with an average
temperature of -176°C.
Uranus
(Arun)
• Uranus Is also called an ice giant as it is a
very cold plant.
• It has 27 moons.
• It is said that Uranus is made up of water,
above a small rocky center.
• Uranus, like Venus, rotates from east to
west.
• It has a highly tilted rotational axis
because of which it appears to roll along
its orbit.
Neptune
(Varun)
• Neptune is the last and the farthest planet of our
solar system .
• It is very cold And is 4th largest planet in diameter
• It was discovered on 23rd September, 1846 , and
has 6 rings .
• It has a thick , windy atmosphere, and is also
known as an ice giant !
• It’s orbital period is 165 years and has a
temperature of about -373 Degrees F and hence
its brutally cold !
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