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Kinematics: Motion, Speed, and Vectors

Chapter 1 covers the fundamentals of kinematics, focusing on concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It explains how to measure speed using various methods and introduces vector addition and subtraction. The chapter also includes worked examples and exam-style questions to reinforce understanding.

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michele.schuin
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24 views17 pages

Kinematics: Motion, Speed, and Vectors

Chapter 1 covers the fundamentals of kinematics, focusing on concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It explains how to measure speed using various methods and introduces vector addition and subtraction. The chapter also includes worked examples and exam-style questions to reinforce understanding.

Uploaded by

michele.schuin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 1

Kinematics
Study of motion
Distance (d): Displacement (s):
How far you have travelled, Distance in a straight line in a given direction.
regardless of direction. Shortest directed distance from start to stop.
069°, N69°E or 69° east
of north

Speed (v): Distance and Velocity (v):


Distance traveled in time. displacement Rate of change in displacement (or position).
Speed and
velocity
average speed vs 069°, N69°E or 69° east
instantaneous speed of north

Acceleration (a):
Rate of change in velocity.
B
Determining speed 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Measuring speed using two
light gates
The trolley’s speed is calculated from the
• time interval
• distance between the light gates.

Measuring speed using one


light gate
Time taken for the trolley to travel
a distance equal to the length of the card.

Measuring speed using a


ticker-timer

Measuring speed using a


motion sensor
Motion sensor
• Transmits regular pulses of ultrasound at the trolley.
• Determines the time the reflected waves took to the trolley and
back.
WORKED EXAMPLES

A car is travelling at 15 m s−1. How far will it travel in 1 hour?

The Earth orbits the Sun at a distance of 150 000 000 km. How long does it take light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
(Speed of light in space = 3.0 × 108 m s−1.)
1.4 Displacement–time
graphs
B
1.5 Combining When two or more vectors are added together, their combined effect
displacements is known as the
resultant of the vectors.

SOH CAH TOA


When two or more vectors are added together, their combined effect is known as the
resultant of the vectors.
1.6 Combining velocities
1.7 Subtracting
vectors
Just add the negative
vector.
But first you have to understand what the negative of vector B means.
The negative of vector B is another vector of the same size as B but in the
opposite direction.
Example:
Subtract a velocity of 4 m s−1 north from a velocity of 10 m s −1 north.
Start by drawing a vector 10 m s−1 north and then add a vector of 4 m s−1 south.
The answer is 6 m s−1 north.

Example:
Subtract a velocity of 4 m s−1 south from a velocity of 10 m s−1 north.
Start by drawing a vector 10 m s−1 north and then add a vector of 4 m s−1 north.
The answer is 14 m s−1 north.
1.8 Other examples of scalar and
vector quantities
B

C
EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑐h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

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