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Properties of Real Numbers

The document outlines various properties of real numbers, including opposites, reciprocals, absolute value, and several mathematical properties such as commutative, associative, distributive, and identity properties. It provides definitions and examples for each property, illustrating how they apply to addition and multiplication. Additionally, it explains the concept of least common denominator and the process of adding fractions using the least common denominator.

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careflo2022
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23 views33 pages

Properties of Real Numbers

The document outlines various properties of real numbers, including opposites, reciprocals, absolute value, and several mathematical properties such as commutative, associative, distributive, and identity properties. It provides definitions and examples for each property, illustrating how they apply to addition and multiplication. Additionally, it explains the concept of least common denominator and the process of adding fractions using the least common denominator.

Uploaded by

careflo2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Properties of Real

Numbers
Math 0099
Opposites
Two real numbers that are the same
distance from the origin of the real number
line are opposites of each other.

Examples of opposites:
2 and -2 -100 and 100 15 and 15
Reciprocals
Two numbers whose product is 1 are
reciprocals of each other.

Examples of Reciprocals:
1 and 5 -3 and 1 5 4
 and
5 3 4 5
Absolute Value
The absolute value of a number is its
distance from 0 on the number line. The
absolute value of x is written x .

Examples of absolute value:


 5 5 3 3

7 7
Commutative Property of
Addition
a+b=b+a

When adding two numbers, the order of the


numbers does not matter.

Examples of the Commutative Property of


Addition
2+3=3+2 (-5) + 4 = 4 + (-5)
Commutative Property of
Multiplication
ab=ba

When multiplying two numbers, the order


of the numbers does not matter.

Examples of the Commutative Property of


Multiplication
23=32 (-3)  24 = 24  (-3)
Associative Property of Addition
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

When three numbers are added, it makes no


difference which two numbers are added first.
Examples of the Associative Property of
Addition
2 + (3 + 5) = (2 + 3) + 5
(4 + 2) + 6 = 4 + (2 + 6)
Associative Property of
Multiplication
a(bc) = (ab)c

When three numbers are multiplied, it makes no


difference which two numbers are multiplied
first.
Examples of the Associative Property of
Multiplication
2  (3  5) = (2  3)  5
(4  2)  6 = 4  (2  6)
Distributive Property
a(b + c) = ab + ac

Multiplication distributes over addition.

Examples of the Distributive Property


2 (3 + 5) = (2  3) + (2  5)
(4 + 2)  6 = (4  6) + (2  6)
Additive Identity Property
The additive identity property states that if
0 is added to a number, the result is that
number.

Example: 3 + 0 = 0 + 3 = 3
Multiplicative Identity Property
The multiplicative identity property states
that if a number is multiplied by 1, the
result is that number.

Example: 5  1 = 1  5 = 5
Additive Inverse Property
The additive inverse property states that
opposites add to zero.

7 + (-7) = 0 and -4 + 4 = 0
Multiplicative Inverse Property
The multiplicative inverse property states
that reciprocals multiply to 1.
1
5 1
5
2 3
 1
3 2
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

4  (8  2) = (4  8)  2
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

4  (8  2) = (4  8)  2

Associative Property of Multiplication


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

6+8=8+6
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

6+8=8+6

Commutative Property of Addition


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

12 + 0 = 12
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

12 + 0 = 12

Additive Identity Property


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5(2 + 9) = (5  2) + (5  9)
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5(2 + 9) = (5  2) + (5  9)

Distributive Property
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5 + (2 + 8) = (5 + 2) + 8
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5 + (2 + 8) = (5 + 2) + 8

Associative Property of Addition


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5 9
 1
9 5
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5 9
 1
9 5

Multiplicative Inverse Property


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5  24 = 24  5
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

5  24 = 24  5

Commutative Property of Multiplication


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

18 + -18 = 0
Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

18 + -18 = 0

Additive Inverse Property


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

-34 1 = -34


Identify which property that
justifies each of the following.

-34 1 = -34

Multiplicative Identity Property


Least Common Denominator
The least common denominator (LCD) is
the smallest number divisible by all the
denominators.

2 5
Example: The LCD of 3
and
4is 12
because 12 is the smallest number into
which 3 and 4 will both divide.
Adding Two Fractions
To add two fractions you must first find the
LCD. In the problem below the LCD is 12.
Then rewrite the two addends as equivalent
expressions with the LCD. Then add the
numerators and keep the denominator.
3 5 9 10 19
   
4 6 12 12 12

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