GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KEONJHAR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION:2023-24
A PRESENTATION REPORT ON CABLE-STAYED
BRIDGE
SUBMITTED BY- UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
NAME:- DEBASISH SAMANTARAY ALOK PATEL (HOD)
Temp. Roll No.:- 2023LECE011 NILGRIB MOHANTY
CONTENTS :-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
3. CLASSICFICATION
4. TYPE OF DECK
5. RELEATED BRIDGE TYPE
6. DESIGN
7. VARIATIONS
8. POSITION OF THE CABLE INSPACE
9. ABSTRACT
10. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION :-
A distinctive feature are the cable or stays, which run directly from the tower
to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines.
A cable stayed bridge has one or more towers or pylons, from which cable
support the bridge deck.
This is in contrast to the modern suspension-bridge, where the cables
supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored
of both ends of the bridge and running between the towers.
The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for span longer than cantilever bridges
and shorter than suspension bridges.
This is range within which cantilever bridge would rapidly grow heavier, and
suspension bridge cabling would be most costly.
WHAT IS CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE?
A cable stayed bridge is a bridge with one or more pillars.
The two types of cable-stayed bridge are parallel attachment design and
radial attachment design.
In a parallel attachment design the cable are attached at different heights
along the tower and are parallel to one another.
In a radial attachment design the cable are attached at a single point at the
top of the tower on several places on the road.
Span range: 200m-900m and act as continuous girders.
CLASSIFICATION:-
Based on arrangement of the cable:-
Radiating Harp Fan Star
Based on the shape of pylon:-
A-type H-type Y-type
TYPES OF DECK:-
TWIN GIRDER:-
TRUSS GIRDER:-
BOX GIRDER:-
ORTHOTROPIC GIRDER:-
RELATED BRIDGE TYPES:-
A self-anchored suspension bridge has some similarity in principle to the cable-stayed
type in that tension forces that prevent the deck from dropping are converted into
compression forces vertically in the tower and horizontally along the deck structure.
It is also related to the suspension bridge in having arcuate main cable with suspender
cables, although the self-anchored type lacks the heavy cable anchorage of the
ordinary suspension bridge.
Unlike either a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge, the self-anchored
suspension bridge must be supported by faisework during construction and so it is more
expensive to construct.
DESIGN:-
There are four major classes of rigging on cable-stayed bridge
Mono Design
Harp Design
Fon Design
Star Design
The mono design uses a single cable from its tower and is one of the lesser-used examples of the class.
In the harp of parallel design, the cable are nearly parallel so that the height of their attachment to the tower is
proportional to the distance from the tower to their mounting on the deck.
In the fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the towers. The fan design is structurally
superior with a minimum moment applied to the towers, but for practical reason, the modified fan arrangement,
the cable termination, improved environmental protection, and good access to individual cables for maintenance.
In the Star Design, another relatively rare design, the cable are spaced apart on the tower, like the harp design,
but connect to one point or a number of closely spaced points on the deck.
VARIATIONS:-
SIDE-SPAR CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE:-
A side-spar cable-stayed bridge uses a central tower supported only on one side. This
design allows the construction at a curved bridge.
CANTILEVER SPAR CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE:-
For more radical in its structure, the Puente del Alamillo (1992) uses a single cantilever
spar on one side of the span, with cable on one side only to support the bridge deck. Unlike
other cable-stayed type, this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its
foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cable, as the cable forces
are not balanced by apposing cables.
MULTIPLE-SPAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE:-
Cable-stayed bridge with more than three span involve significantly more challenging
designs than do 2-span or 3-span structures. In a 2-span or 3-span cable-stayed bridge, the
loads from the main span are normally anchored back near the and abutments by stays in
the end spans, For more spans, this is not the case and bridge structure is less stiff overall.
EXTRADOSED BRIDGE:-
An extradosed bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a more substantial bridge deck that,
being stiffer and stronger, allows the cable to omitted close to the tower and for the towers
to be lower in proportion to the span.
CABLE-STAYED CRADLE-SYSTEM BRIDGE:-
A cradle system carries the stands within the stays from the bridge deck to bridge deck, as
a continuous element, eliminating anchorages in the pylons. Each epoxy-coated steel
stand is carried inside the cradle in a one-inch (2.54 cm) steel tube. Each stand acts
independently, allowing for removal, inspection, and replacement of individual stands. The
first two such bridges are the Penobscot Narrows Bridge, completed in 2006, and the
Veteran’s Glass City skyway, completed in 2007.
POSITION OF THE CABLE IN SPACE:-
1. Two Plane System
Two Vertical Plane System
Two Inclined Plane System
2. The Single Plane System
TWO PLANE SYSTEM:-
TWO VERTICAL PLANE SYSTEM:-
In this type of system there are two parallel sets of cable and the tower on the either sides of the bridges, which
lie in the same vertical plane.
The cable anchorage may be situated outside the deck structure, which is better than the other in term of
space as no deck area of the deck surface is obstructed by the presence of the cables and the tower.
But the requires substantial cantilever to be constructed in order to transfer the shear and bending moment
into the deck structure.
When the cable and tower lie within the cross-section of the bridge, the area taken up cannot be utilized as a
part of the roadway and may be only partly used for the sidewalk, Thus as area of the deck surface is made
non-effective and has to be compensated for by increasing overall width of the deck.
TWO INCLINED PLANES SYSTEM:-
In this system the Cable run from the edges of the bridge deck to a point above the
centerline of the bridge an on A-shaped tower or A-shaped or diamond shaped pylon.
This arrangement can be recommended for very long span where the tower has to be
very high and needs the lateral stiffness given by the triangle and the frame junction.
THE SINGLE PLANE SYSTEM:-
This type of system consists of bridges with only one vertical plane of stay cables along the middle
longitudinal axis of the superstructure.
As the cables are located in a single center vertical strip thus all the space is utilized by the traffic.
This system also creates a lane separation as a natural continuation of the highway approaches to the
bridges.
Longitudinal arrangements of the cables used with two planes bridges are also applied to single center girder
bridges.
ABSTRACT:-
Cable-stayed bridges can be recognized as a suitable solution for connecting wide-span crossings.
More than 600 cable bridges are constructed in the world till now while this process is in progress and
this number is increasing. The span of cable bridge is between 100m to 500m wide usually while length
of widest cable bridge has increased up to 1000m during this decade.
Construction of such bridges still is so profitable and according to
this point study seems so important. Cable–stayed bridge are studied from many aspect such as number
of spans, number of tower, number of cable and girder type. Among this process, this paper has
gathered more than 100 cable stayed bridge around the world in a table and has assessed them based
on different parameters and has categorized these bridges in 3 categories of harp, fan and radial.
This categorizing has been based on relationship between the pattern of cables and the wide of spans.
Fundamentals of this categorizing have been defined in the first step of this paper. In continue the result
have been represented, at the end the relationship between the width of span of these bridges and the
category will be analyzed and the final conclusion will be presented.
CONCLUSION:-
From conclusions what we learned, a means of obtaining the theoretically optimal
bridge from to span, a given distance under the action of gravity loading has been
described.
This required the development of a new numerical layout optimization procedure
capable of modelling the self-weight of the constituent structural elements.
To achieve this, equal strength catenary elements were employed, allowing phenomena
such as cable sag to be modeled in the optimization process in an entirely natural
manner.
The procedure has been applied to the design of hypothetical very long-span bridges,
enabling the optimal reference from and associated required volume of material to be
established for a given span.
The reference volume provides a benchmark against which traditional or proposed new
bridge designs can be objectively judged.
