REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
THE
Describe the parts of the
Discuss the phases of
reproductive system and their
menstrual cycle.
functions
Prepared by: Jhep Explain the role of hormones in the female and male
Hernandez reproductive system.
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3
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
1. Organs: e. vagina
a. ovaries f.
b. fallopian vulva/pudendum
tubes/oviducts
c. Uterus
d. Cervix
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3
Average size
is approximately 5 2 4
cm wide by 7 cm
long (approximately 2
in by 3 in) when a 5
female is not
pregnant.
A.
OVARIES
• paired organs that produce oocytes that
matures into egg cells.
• produces hormones:
• progesterone and estrogens (female sex
hormones).
Oogenesis – Production of gametes.
T/F: Female babies are born with all the egg cells
they're ever going to have. No new egg cells are
made during her lifetime.
No new eggs are produced. At birth, there are approximately 1
million eggs; and by the time of puberty, only about 300,000
remain. Of these, only 300 to 400 will be ovulated during a
woman's reproductive lifetime.
B. FALLOPIAN
TUBE
• Contain egg until
fertilization takes place.
• Provide passage way
leading the sperm to the
egg and the fertilized egg
to the uterus.
• Also known as oviducts.
A SALPINGECTOMY is a
surgical procedure where one or
both of a woman's fallopian
tubes are removed.
Is pregnancy still
possible?
How about
menstruation?
Will the egg cells die?
C.
UTERUS
• pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach
the fallopian tubes
• site of implantation of ovum, development of fetus,
and labor.
• source of menstrual flow.
D.
CERVIX
• A narrow structure within an inch-long
canal connecting the lower end of the
uterus to the upper portion of the
vagina.
• It facilitates the passage of sperm into
the uterine cavity.
• Passageway of baby from the uterus to
the vagina.
E.
VAGINA
• receptacle for the
penis
• outlet for menstrual
flow
• passageway for
childbirth
F. VULVA
• refers to the external genitals of the female.
A. Mons veneris/pubis – hairy skin-covered pad
of fat over the pubic bone.
B. Labia minora – is the small lips covered with
modified skin.
C. Labia majora– large lips covered with pubic
hair.
D. Clitoris – The clitoris is the small almond-
shape erectile tissue located below the junction of
two minora.
FEMALE HORMONES
ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
10+ years old
HYPOTHALAMUS
l Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
ica c PITUITARY
h em tan
C bs GLAND Follicle
su Stimulating
e
Hormone (FSH)
To female: stimulates ovulation,
maturation of egg cells,
progesterone production. To male:
To female: stimulates maturation …control the production of
of egg in the ovary cell, estrogen sperm and growth of facial
production. hair.
Estrogen: development of female To male:
characteristics at puberty. …the testes to produce
Progesterone: development of
testosterone, for development of
endometrium and maintenance of
sex organ.
uterus.
Why Do Women Have
Periods
(menstruation) ?
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
• Begins between the
ages of 11 and 15.
Why females
experience Menstrual
Cramps during this
cycle?
• The monthly shedding
of the lining of the
uterus.
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
1. Begins when an egg matures or ripens in one of
the ovaries. At the same time, the endometrium,
the lining of the uterus, starts to thicken for
possible pregnancy.
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
2. The matured
egg releases from
the ovary. The
lining of the uterus
continuously
thickens (serve as
home for
developing
embryo) until it is
ready it receive
the fertilized egg.
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
3. If the pregnancy
does not successfully
happen, the
endometrium
breaks down or is
destroyed and
discharged from the
body. The discharge
of blood and tissue is
known as
menstruation or
menstrual period.
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
4. The cycle last for 28 days, but there are some
females menstruate cycles as short as 21 days or
as long as 35 days and are considered normal.
What is “Irregular
Period”?
•Pregnant
•Traveling (especially if their
sleep pattern is interrupted or
they are out of their normal
time zone)
•Are under a lot of stress
•Experience illness
•Excessive Exercise
•Weight gain
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
5. During the first half of the cycle, FSH stimulates
an egg to mature inside one of the ovaries.
6. When the egg starts to develop, it secretes
estrogen, which causes endometrium to develop.
7. In the middle of the cycle (14 days), the level of
LH starts to rise thus ovulation occurs.
8. The ovary releases the egg and travels into the
fallopian tube.
9. It takes 7 days for the egg to reach the uterus.
10. When it reaches the uterus, progesterone
increases.
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
11. If the egg has not been fertilized, progesterone
and estrogen level drops. The endometrium breaks
down and the unfertilized egg passes out of the
body through the vagina.
The average person who
menstruates loses about 2
to 3 tablespoons of
blood during their period.
At what age
menstruation will stop
(menopause)?
[Link]
Why the body
temperature rise
drastically at
Luteal Phase?
Why Progesterone
level drastically
increases at Luteal
Phase?
Do all mammals
menstruate?
Approximately 98% of all mammalian species do
not menstruate
Thank you!
