CLOUD COMPUTING

WHAT IS CLOUD?
The term Cloud Refers to a Network or
Internet.

The Cloud is Something which is present at

remote location.

Cloud can Provide services over network,i.e

 Public Network
 Private Network
i.e WAN,LAN
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing is a Technology that uses
the internet and Central remote servers to
maintain data and applications.

Simple applications of Cloud Computing is

Yahoo email,Gmail or hotmail etc.,
How Cloud Computing Works?
Cloud Computing Consist of two Layers

Front End
Front End

Back end
Back End
Two layers:
Front End
The front end is used by the client. It contains
client-side interfaces and applications that are
required to access the cloud computing platforms.
 The front end includes web servers (including
Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer,
Gmail,Facebook, etc) tablets, and mobile devices.
Back End
 The back end is used by the service provider.
It manages all the resources that are required to
provide cloud computing services. It includes a
huge amount of data storage, security mechanism,
servers
Introduction to HPC
High Performance Computing
In high-performance computing systems, a pool of

processors (processor or central processing units

[CPUs]) connected (networked) with memory,
storage, and input and output devices, and the
deployed resources like software is enabled to run
in the entire system of connected components.
why HPC?
 Traditionally universities,research organizations and large

companies use super computer to achieve more computing

power.
 Super computers are most expansive machines..

 Small organizations can not afford this

 HPC systems are normally found in those applications where it is required to

use or solve scientific problems.

 Scientific examples such as protein folding in molecular biology and studies

on developing models and applications based on nuclear fusion are worth

noting as potential applications for HPC.
Goals of HPC
Increase Processing Speed.
Reduce Cost
Increase Efficiency and achive Scalability.

Applications of HPC
Bio-informatics and drug discovery
Weather forecasting
Statistical analysis and mathematical
modeling
Online transaction processing
 Parallel Computing

Parallel Computing is a form of computation in which

many calculations are carried out simultaneously.
in simple term , it is the simultaneously use of multiple
computer resources to solve a computational problem:
1. To be run using Multiple CPU’s
2. A problem is broken into discrete parts that can be
solved concurrently.
3. Each part is further broken down to a series of
instructions .
4. Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on
different CPU’s.
Parallel Computing
 Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is also a computing
system that consists of multiple computers or
processor machines connected through a
network. which can be run as a single
system.
The connectivity can be such that the CPUs
in a distributed system can be physically
close together and connected by a local
network, or they can be geographically
distant and connected by a wide area network.
The goal of distributed computing is to make
such a network work as a single computer.
Distributed Computing
 Cluster Computing

 A cluster computing system consists of a set of the same or similar type of processor
machines connected using a dedicated network infrastructure.
 All processor machines share resources such as a common home directory and have a
software such as a message passing interface (MPI) implementation installed to allow
programs to be run across all nodes simultaneously.
 This is also a kind of HPC category.
 The individual computers in a cluster can be referred to as nodes.
 The reason to realize a cluster as HPC is due to the fact that the individual nodes can work
together to solve a problem larger than any computer can easily solve.
 The nodes need to communicate with one another in order to work cooperatively and
meaningfully
together to solve the problem in hand.
 If we have processor machines of heterogeneous types in a cluster, this kind of clusters
become a subtype and still mostly are in the experimental or research stage.
Cluster Computing
 Grid Computing
 grid computing is a network of computing or processor machines
managed with a kind of software such as middleware, in order to
access and use the resources remotely.
 The managing activity of grid resources through the middleware is
called grid services.
 Grid services provide access control, security, access to data
including digital libraries and databases, and access to large-scale
interactive and long-term storage facilities.
 Grid computing is more popular due to the following reasons:
 Its ability to make use of unused computing power, and thus, it is a
cost-effective solution(reducing investments, only recurring costs).
 As a way to solve problems in line with any HPC-based application.
 Enables heterogeneous resources of computers to work
cooperatively and collaboratively to solve a scientific problem
Grid Computing
 Cloud Computing
 In cloud computing, the IT and business resources, such as servers, storage, network,

applications,and processes, can be dynamically provisioned to the user needs and workload.

 In addition, while a cloud can provision and support a grid, a cloud can also support nongrid

environments, such as a three-tier web architecture running on traditional or Web 2.0 applications.

 The potential difference between grid and cloud is that grid computing supports leveraging several

computers in parallel to solve a particular application, while cloud computing supports leveraging

multiple resources, including computing resources, to deliver a unified service to the end user.
Cloud Computing
 Bio computing

 Bio computing systems use the concepts of biologically derived or simulated molecules (or models)

that perform computational processes in order to solve a problem.

 The biologically derived models aid in structuring the computer programs that become part of the

application.

 Bio computing provides the theoretical background and practical tools for scientists to explore

proteins and DNA.

 DNA and proteins are nature’s building blocks.

 The function of the final molecule rather strongly depends on the order of these blocks.

 Thus, the bio computing scientist works on inventing the order suitable for various applications

mimicking biology.
 Mobile Computing

 In mobile computing, the processing (or computing) elements are small (i.e.,
handheld devices) and the communication between various resources is taking place
using wireless media
 Mobile communication for voice applications (e.g., cellular phone) is widely
established
throughout the world and witnesses a very rapid growth in all its dimensions
including the increase in the number of subscribers of various cellular networks.
 An extension of this technology is the ability to send and receive data across various
cellular networks using small devices such as smartphones.
 There can be numerous applications based on this technology; for example, video
call or
conferencing is one of the important applications that people prefer to use in place
of existing voice(only) communications on mobile phones.
 Mobile computing–based applications are becoming very important and rapidly
evolving with various technological advancements as it allows users to transmit data
from remote locations to other remote or fixed locations
Mobile Cloud Computing applications
leverage this IT architecture to
generate the following advantages:
1. Extended battery life.
2. Improvement in data storage
capacity and processing power.
3. Improved synchronization of data
due to “store in one place, accessible
from anywhere ” platform theme.
4. Improved reliability and scalability.
5. Ease of integration.
 Quantum Computing

 Manufacturers of computing systems say that there is a limit for cramming more and more

transistors into smaller and smaller spaces of integrated circuits (ICs) and thereby doubling the

processing power about every 18 months.

 This problem will have to be overcome by a new quantum computing–based solution, wherein

the dependence is on quantum information, the rules that govern the subatomic world.

 Quantum computers are millions of times faster than even our most powerful supercomputers

today.

 Since quantum computing works differently on the most fundamental level than the current

technology, and although there are working prototypes, these systems have not so far proved to

be alternatives to today silicon-based machines

 Optical Computing
Optical computing system uses the photons in visible light
or infrared beams to perform digital
computations.
An electric current flows at only about 10% of the speed of
light.
 This limits the rate at which data can be exchanged over
long distances and is one of the factors
that led to the evolution of optical fiber.
By applying some of the advantages of visible and/or IR
networks at the device and component
scale, a computer can be developed that can perform
operations 10 or more times faster than a
conventional electronic computer.
 Nano computing
 Nanocomputing refers to computing systems that are
constructed from nanoscale components.
 The transistors based on carbon nanotubes in traditional
computers.
 The successful realization of nanocomputers relates to the scale
and integration of these nanotubes
or components.
 The issues of scale relate to the dimensions of the components.
 They are, at most, a few nanometers in at least two dimensions.
 The issues of integration of the components are twofold: first,
the manufacture of complex arbitrary patterns may be
economically infeasible, and second, nanocomputers may
include massive quantities of devices.
 Researchers are working on all these issues to bring
nanocomputing a reality.