Clinical Case Scenario
Unit- Blood & Immune
mecahnism
Assignment for 1st BDS
students
A) RBC was placed in a saline (NaCl) solution
and the cell volume increased to 1.5 times
it’s original volume.
1)What is the nature of the saline
solution?
{isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic}
2)Define the transport mechanism
responsible for the above effect.
3)Name other mechanisms for transport
across the cell membrane.
B) A patient after receiving blood transfusion
developed deep jaundice and
haemoglobinuria within 48 hours.
1)Identify the condition.
2)What is the cause of jaundice and
haemoglobinuria?
3)What is the preventive line of
treatment?
C) A patient came with the complaint of
brownish spots under skin. On examination
spleen was found to be enlarged.
Investigations showed:
Bleeding time -10 min
Clotting time- 6 min
Platelet count-30,000/cumm
1) Identify the condition & give probable cause.
2) Explain the features.
3) Outline the physiological basis of treatment?
D) A 16-year-old boy from Himachal Pradesh is
found to have haemoglobin of 22gm%.
His physical examination and other routine
investigations are within normal limits.
1)Identify the condition.
2)What is the cause?
3)Does he need treatment for this?
E) A healthy woman gave birth to a deeply
jaundiced , oedematous and anaemic child.
First baby was born normal.
1)Identify the condition.
2)Why was the first baby healthy?
3) What is the preventive and curative
treatment?
F) A 5 year old child from a poor slum
dweller family is brought to the doctor
with complaint of pica . On examination
patient is having pallor, haemoglobin
concentration is 8gm%.
1)What is the likely cause of anaemia?
2)Enumerate other causes of anaemia.
3)What is the physiological basis of
treatment?
G) A 35 year old female patient was taking
radiotherapy for breast cancer. During routine
checkup, her blood examination showed -
Hb concentration - 7gm%.
WBC count - 2000/cumm.
Platelet count - 30,000/cumm.
1)Comment on these findings.
2)Name other conditions leading to similar
findings.
H) A male patient comes with persistent
bleeding after tooth extraction.
Investigations show :
Bleeding time – 4 min
Clotting time – 20 min
Platelet count – 2
Lacs/cumm
1)What is the likely diagnosis?
2)What is the physiological basis of
treatment?
3)Enumerate the mechanisms of
hemostasis.
I) A patient underwent a gastrectomy
operation. After a few months he started
complaining of reduced appetite, tingling
and numbness in the extremities and
weakness. PBS showed macrocytic
normochromic RBCs.
1)What is the probable condition?
2)What is the cause?
3)What are the principles of treatment?
J) A medical student went to a blood bank
for voluntary blood donation.
1)What are the criteria for selection of
the donor?
2)At what frequency can a person
donate blood?
3)What precautions are necessary
before blood transfusion?
K) A farmer after cutting grass in the field
came to the doctor with complaints of
itching all over the body. On examination
there was a pinkish rash on hands and legs.
[Link] the condition.
[Link] is the cause of itching and skin
rash?
[Link] physiological basis of treatment?
L) A patient came to the clinic with complaints
of chronic weight loss with fever and diarrhoea
not responding to treatment. Investigations
revealed that the CD4 count was decreased.
1)What is the probable diagnosis?
2)What is the cause of this condition?
3)Explain the pathophysiology of the
symptoms.
M) A patient after receiving blood
transfusion developed deep jaundice and
hemoglobinuria within 48 hours.
1)Identify the condition.
2)What is the cause of jaundice and
hemoglobinuria?
3)What is the preventive line of
treatment?
N) A healthy woman gave birth to a
deeply jaundiced , oedematous and
anaemic child. First baby was born
normal.
1)Identify the condition.
2)Why was the first baby healthy?
3)What is the preventive and curative
treatment?
O) A 35 year old female patient was
taking radiotherapy for breast cancer.
During routine checkup her blood
examination showed the Hb concentration
7gm%. WBC count –2000/cumm. Platelet
count-30,000/cumm.
1)Comment on these findings.
2)Name other conditions leading to
similar findings.
P) A male patient comes with persistent
bleeding after tooth extraction.
Investigations show;
Bleeding time – 4min
Clotting time – 20min
Platelet count – 2 Lac/cumm
1)What is the likely diagnosis?
2)What is the physiological basis of
treatment?
3)Enumerate the steps of hemostasis.
Q) A woman aged 30 years came with the
complaints of weakness and
breathlessness. On examination, pallor was
present and nails were spoon shaped. Hb
was 8 gm% & peripheral blood smear
examination showed microcytic and
hypochromic RBCs.
1)Identify the condition.
2)Explain the features.
3)What is the physiological basis of
treatment?
