KANDAHAR UNIVERSITY

1 ENGINEERING FACULTY
Energy Engineering Department
4th Year,1st Academic Semester(1403)

Chapter 1

Calculation of heat Losses from the

building
Presented by: Zubair Ahmad
Teacher : Eng Irfan Ahmad Bakhtyal
Subject: energy Audit of building system
2
Introduction
 This study evaluates the heat
transfer characteristics of a single-
story building located in Kandahar
province, Aino mina. The analysis
focuses on two scenarios:

Front elevation Plan layout

3 Cont.…

before retrofit, where the building has made

from brakes, with the diameter of 0.3m, and the
inert and outer surfaces have made 0.015 m
concrete.
4 Cont.…

 after retrofit, where the building insolates with

0.10 m of polystyrene foam. And we use double
glazing in the place of single glazing and we
convert the steel door with the wooden door
and then we will compare the objective is to
compare energy losses and assess
improvements in energy efficiency achieved
through retrofitting.
5 Benefits of an Energy Audit

1. Cost Savings.
2. Increased Efficiency.
3. Environmental Impact.
4. Improved Comfort.
6 Calculation of heat losses before retrofit
 (Boundary conditions for calculating the thermal input ability of the building)
● The height of the Building is h= 3.0 m
● The average indoor air temperature limit ai, average =
+ 20, 0 °C
● The average temperature outside the building ae,

average = -5.0 °C

● The temperature difference between the inside

and outside of the building a, average = 25.0 °C
‫‪7‬‬ ‫…‪Cont.‬‬

‫‪ Specification of wall:‬‬

‫شمېر‬ ‫طبقه ( الیر)‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫ضخامت ‪d‬‬ ‫کثافت ‪ρ‬‬ ‫حرارتي هدایت‪λ‬‬
‫ه‬ ‫(‪)3kg/m‬‬ ‫(‪)W/m. K‬‬
‫) ‪(m‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫لومړي‬ ‫پالستر ریګ و سیمنټ‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫دوهم‬ ‫خښت کاري‬ ‫‪0.30‬‬ ‫‪1700‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬

‫) منځ یې ډک دي)‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫دریم‬ ‫پالستر ریګ و سیمنټ‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪1.02‬‬

8 Heat losses from wall before insulation and
after insulation

θx θi-((θi-θo)/R0 ) × (Rsi+Rx)
t θx θi-((θi-θo)/R0 ) × (Rsi+Rx)
θSI 18.99
0 θSI 14.51
θ1,2 18.89

1.5 θ1,2 13.97

θ2,3 15.83

31.5 θ2,3 -2.69 θ3,2 15.72

33 θSe -3.31 θSe -4.69

Before retrofit After retrofit

9
Cont.…

25.00
Temprature Distribution
20.00

Temprature (in C)
15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-5.00

-10.00 Wall tickness (in cm )

Before Insulation After Insulation

10 Heat losses from Door and window

Before retrofits

Q = bx X Ai X
bx Ai (m2) Ui ‫جوړښت‬ NO
Ui
290.1 1.0 171.85 1.69 ‫دیوال‬ 1

218.1 1.0 35.75 6.1 ‫کلکینان‬ 2

59.9 1.0 9 6.65 ‫دروازی‬ 3

890.7 1.0 295.16 3.02 ‫چت‬ 4

550.4 1.0 295.16 1.864767275 ‫فرش‬ 5

2009.17 806.92 ‫مجموعه‬

‫له وداني څخه د تودوخي په خاطر مجموعي د حرارت فرار‬
HT = ∑ bx,i Ui Ai + ∆U X ∑Ai

HT = ∑ i 592.138 + 0.1 X 336.88 = 2089.86

ФTij = HT,I. (θaij - θae ) θaij 20
Фtij (W) = 52246.52 θae -5
11
Cont.…
After retrofits
Q = bx X Ai
bx Ai (m2) Ui ‫جوړښت‬ NO
X Ui
52.2 1 171.85 0.30 ‫دیوال‬ 1

100.1 1 35.75 2.8 ‫کلکینان‬ 2

27.0 1 9 3 ‫دروازی‬ 3

97.3 1 295.16 0.33 ‫چت‬ 4

91.1 1 295.16 0.308740825 ‫فرش‬ 5

367.66 806.92 ‫مجموعه‬

‫له وداني څخه د تودوخي په خاطر مجموعي د حرارت فرار‬
HT = ∑ bx,i Ui Ai + ∆U X ∑Ai

HT = ∑ i 1013.62 + 0.1 X 336.88 = 448.36

ФTij = HT,I. (θaij - θae ) θaij 20
Фtij (W) = 11208.885 θae -5
12 Heat losses from home through ventilation:

Before retrofits

‫له وداني څخه د هوا جریان په خاطر مجموعي د حرارت فرار‬

θaij 20

θae -5

Vi (m3) 216.6

nmin (l/h) 0.5

HV,i = 0,34 . Vi . nmin 36.82

ФV,i = HV,I. (θaij - θae ) 920.6

Total heat losses

Фtot = ФH,ij + ФV,i 53167.1 W

13 Cont.…

After retrofits
‫له وداني څخه د هوا جریان په خاطر مجموعي د حرارت فرار‬

θaij 20

θae -5

Vi (m3) 216.6

nmin (l/h) 0.1

HV,i = 0,34 . Vi . nmin 7.36

ФV,i = HV,I. (θaij - θae ) 184.1

Total heat losses

Фtot = ФH,ij + ФV,i 11393.0 W

14 Annule energy requirement before retrofit:

Vi (m3) 216.6

Ф HL, i (W) 57004.15

N hours 24

N Days 90

Ф HL (kWh) 123128.97

ФHL,1 (kWh/m3) 568.46

Energy requirement per sequre meter

Ai 295.16

Ф HL (kWh) 123129

ФHL,2 (kWh)/m2 417.16

15 Annule energy requirement After retrofit:
Vi (m3) 292.32

Ф HL, i (W) 15230.07

N hours 24

N Days 90

Ф HL (kWh) 32896.96

ФHL,1 (kWh/m3) 112.54

Energy requirement per square meter

Ai 295.16

Ф HL (kWh) 32896.96

ФHL,2 (kWh)/m2 111.45

‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪Standard Annule energy requirement:‬‬

‫د وداني د تودوخیز استراحت لپاره اړتیا‬

‫ټولګۍ‬ ‫د وداني د انرژی ځانګړتیا‬
‫(‪)kWh/m2.a‬‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫فوق العاده سپما‬ ‫‪≤ 42‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫سپما‬ ‫‪43 - 86‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫قناعت وړ‬ ‫‪87 -129‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫نا مناسب‬ ‫‪130 - 172‬‬

‫‪E‬‬ ‫غیر اقتصادي‬ ‫‪173 - 215‬‬

‫‪F‬‬ ‫ډېر غیر اقتصادي‬ ‫‪216 - 258‬‬

‫‪G‬‬ ‫فوق العاده غیر اقتصادي‬ ‫‪> 258‬‬

17 Result:
 Before the retrofit the home energy
requirement is unacceptable because this
is too high from G class.
 After the retrofit is acceptable because its
become in C class.
18

Thanks!