Chapter 14 Section
2
8th Grade Social Studies
• causes and results of the Spanish-American War
• role of Andrew Summers Rowan in the Spanish-American
War
Main Ideas • provisions of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments
• causes and results of World War I
• role of West Virginians in World War I
1. Temperance
Vocabulary 2. Prohibition
Terms 3. Referendum
4. Draft
moderation or abstinence
Temperance from the consumption of
alcohol
the complete banning of
Prohibition alcohol
a process whereby the
Referendum people are permitted to
vote on legislation
compulsory enrollment for
Draft military service
Cubans start to rebel against Spain in 1895
The Spanish attempted to end the rebellion by
rounding up Cubans and putting them into
Spanish- concentration camps.
American American journalists reported all of this and the
Spanish were claiming American newspapers were
War doing ”yellow journalism.”
Yellow journalism - journalism that is based
upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.
In order to protect Americans and their assets in Cuba
during the chaos, the United States sent the warship
USS Maine into Havana harbor. Just nine days after its
Spanish- arrival, the Maine exploded, killing 260 American
American sailors. The Spanish claimed, correctly, that the
explosion had been the result of a malfunction aboard
War the ship, but Americans were convinced that
the Maine had been destroyed by Spanish sabotage.
Before the war ended, two regiments and four companies
formed in West Virginia, and some 3,000 West Virginians
West saw action.
A West Virginian, Andrew Summers Rowan of Monroe
Virginia and County, gained fame during the Spanish-American War. He
was chosen by President McKinley to take a message to
the Spanish- General Calixto Garcia, the leader of the revolt in Cuba.
American Another distinguished West Virginian who served his
country during the war with Spain was Captain French Ensor
War Chadwick of Morgantown. Captain Chadwick commanded
the battleship New York and participated in the blockade of
Connection Havana harbor and the destruction of the Spanish fleet
under Admiral Cervera off Santiago.
The U.S. declared war against Spain on April 11,
1898.
Congress passed the Teller Amendment. The
amendment proclaimed the U.S. will help the Cubans
against the Spanish, but the U.S. would not annex the
island after victory.
Spanish- Spain could not match the power of the new
American American warships.
War Spain was surprised when the U.S. captured the
Philippines, which was also under Spanish rule at the
time.
However, on land the military engagements would be
more contested than at sea.
Rough
Riders
Future president Teddy Roosevelt, who had assembled
a volunteer cavalry regiment known as the Rough
Riders, garnered fame for a charge that would have
had little success were it not for the support of
seasoned African American soldiers serving in
segregated infantry and cavalry units.
Spanish- Weary of war, Spain signed an armistice on August
12, 1898. Fewer than four hundred Americans had
American died, leading Secretary of State John Hay to declare
War the conflict a "splendid little war." Less splendid but
rarely mentioned were the more than 5000 American
Conclusion deaths from diseases like malaria and yellow fever.
In the Treaty of Paris 1898, Spain agreed to free Cuba,
Consequenc and to cede the islands Guam and Puerto Rico to the
es of the United States. In addition, the United States agreed to
pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines (which the
Spanish- Spanish wanted back as the Americans had captured
Manila after the August 12 armistice, due to delayed
American communications). Guam and Puerto Rico are still U.S.
territories today. There are 3 U.S. military bases
War located on Guam.
Look at the map. Why is Guam important today for
American geopolitical interests?
Discussion
Question:
During the Progressive Era, Congress passed several
Constitution constitutional amendments that reflected social, economic,
and political issues of the time. Specifically, the Sixteenth
al Amendment implemented an income tax; the Seventeenth
Amendment provided for the direct election of United States
Amendment senators; the Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the sale of
alcohol; and the Nineteenth Amendment gave women
s suffrage.
Federal income tax. Every paycheck you receive
when you work will have money withheld because of
16th this amendment.
West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state to ratify the
Amendment amendment, approving it on January 31, 1913.
This amendment changed how U.S. Senators would
be elected. U.S. Senators are directly elected by the
17th people because of this amendment.
On February 4, 1913, West Virginia became the
Amendment thirteenth state to ratify the amendment.
Banned alcohol in the U.S. Alcohol would be illegal in
the U.S. from 1919-1933.
18th On January 9, 1919, West Virginia became the twenty-
Amendment first state to ratify the amendment.
Gave women the right to vote in the U.S.
On March 10, the State Senate, by a vote of 15 to 14,
19th made West Virginia the thirty-fourth state to ratify the
amendment. The Nineteenth Amendment became law
Amendment on August 24, 1920, when Tennessee became the
thirty-sixth state to ratify it.
Began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand.
Occurred from 1914-1918
Thought to be the war to end all wars (obviously it
was not).
Central Powers vs Allied Powers
World War I Central Powers included Austria-Hungary, Ottoman
Empire and Germany
Allied Powers included numerous nations (Great
Britain, France, etc.).
The U.S. would be neutral until 1917, joining the
Allied Powers.
Technological advances made this war more deadly
than any war before it.
Created trench warfare, chemical warfare, and tanks
World War I used for the first time.
16 million people died because of the war.
The geopolitical make-up significantly changed
throughout the world because of this war.
At the beginning of the war, West Virginia’s two regiments
of National Guard infantry were called to duty.
In the second call-up of people during the war, West Virginia
had a greater percentage of men registered and found
physically fit than any other state in the nation. In all, it is
estimated that 58,053 West Virginians served in the military
World War I between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918. Of that
number, 759 were killed in action or died of wounds they
and West received on the battlefield. Another 2,548 were wounded.
Virginia General John L. Hines of White Sulphur Springs was
promoted faster than any other soldier. He became a major
Connection general and then the Chief of Staff of the United States
Army. Major Mason M. Patrick of Lewisburg became a major
general and the first Chief of the Army Air Service. Captain
Julian L. Latimer of Shepherdstown was the commander of
the battleship Rhode Island and was promoted to the rank
of rear admiral.
Two West Virginians served in President Woodrow Wilson’s
cabinet during the war. Newton D. Baker of Martinsburg was
secretary of war, and John D. Payne from Pruntytown was
secretary of the interior. Payne also oversaw the railroad
system to ensure that war supplies were delivered to
World War I shipping ports.
The war brought tremendous growth to West Virginia cities.
and West Besides the factories that already existed, the federal
Virginia government built an armor plate factory in South
Charleston. A new factory at Belle used coal to produce
Connection ammonia; salt brine was used to manufacture chlorine at
another plant. Secretary of War Baker chose an area near
the Kanawha-Putnam County border as the site for a large
munitions powder plant, and thus the town of Nitro was
born.
Discussion Why was the Kanawha Valley a well suited location for
Question: these plants, especially during a time of war?
