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Measuring Matter

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Ericko Alegria
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17 views28 pages

Measuring Matter

Uploaded by

Ericko Alegria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MEASURING MATTER

What is a Mole?
 A mole (symbol, mol) of a substance
contains 6.02x1023 representative
particles.
 The mole is the SI unit for amount of
substance.
 The number 6.02x1023 is called
Avogadro’s number in honor of the
Italian physicist and lawyer Avagadro di
Quaregna (1776-1856), who helped
clarify the differences between atoms
and molecules.
Representative Particles
 It refers to the species present in a
particular substance.
 It can be atoms, molecules, ions, or
formula units.
 The representative particle of most of
elements is the atom.
 Seven elements that exist as diatomic
molecules.
 H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
The number of representative
particles is calculated using the
conversion factor:

Number of
Numb6.02X1023
x
representative particle
Representati=
er of 1
ve Particles
moles mole
Example:
 Take note that the representative
particle of glucose (C6H12O6) is a
molecule. The number of molecules of
glucose is computed by multiplying 5.50
moles of glucose by the conversion
factor which is Avogadro’s number.
Solution:
 Given:
number of moles = 5.50 moles
glucose
representative particles =
molecules glucose
 Find:
no. of molecules
Solution:
 Solution
6.02 1023 molecules glucose
no. of molecules 5.50 moles glucose 
1 mole glucose
24
no. of molecules 3.3110 molecules glucose

 There are 3.31x1024 molecules in 5.50


moles of glucose.
Sample Problem:
 Zinc is used as a corrosion-resistant
coating on iron and steel. It is also an
essential trace element in your diet.
Calculate the number of moles that
contain 3.50x1025 atoms of zinc (Zn).
Solution:
 Given:
Number of representative particles
= 3.50x1025 atoms Zn
Representative particles = atoms
Zn
 Find:
number of moles
Solution:
 Solution:
25 1 mole Zn
no. of moles 3.50 10 atoms Zn  23
6.02 10 atoms Zn

no. of moles 58.1 mol Zn


 Therefore, 58.1 moles of zinc contains
3.50x1025 atoms of zinc
Molar Mass
 One atomic unit, or 1amu, is exactly
1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
 This is equivalent to 1.660540x10-27 kg.
 The atomic mass of any nuclide is
determined by comparing it with the
atomic mass of carbon-12, hence the
term relative atomic mass.
 Average atomic mass is the weighted
average of the atomic masses of
naturally occurring isotopes of an
element
Molar mass
 An element’s atomic mass expressed in
grams is the mass of one mole of that
element.
 Examples:
1 mol C = 1 molar mass C = 12.0 g
C
1 mol Fe = 1 molar mass Fe = 55.8
g Fe
 The mass of one mole of a pure
substance is called the molar mass of
that substance.
Molar Mass
 The mass of a mole of a compound is
determined by its formula.
 Example:
to calculate the molar mass of CO2,
find the mass in grams of one mole
carbon and the mass in grams of two
moles oxygen.
Molar Mass of CO2

Elemen Number of Molar


t Moles Mass (g)

C 1 X 12.0 12.0 g

O 2 X 16.0 32.0 g

Molar Mass = 44.0 g


MOLE-MASS
RELATIONSHIP
Mole-Mass Calculations
 Examples:
1 mol Li ≈ 6.94 g Li
≈ 6.02x1023 Li atoms
1 mol NH3 ≈ 17.03 g NH3
≈ 6.02x1023 NH3 molecules
1 mol MgBr2 ≈ 184.11 g MgBr2
≈ 6.02x1023 MgBr2 formula
units
Sample Problem:
 Calculate (a) the mass in grams of 1.25
mol Li and (b) the number of moles of
NH3 in a 345 g sample of gas.
Solution for (a):
 Given:
1.25 mol Li
 Find:
mass in gram
 Solution
6.94 g Li
g Li 1.25 mol Li 
1 mol Li
8.68 g Li
Solution for (b):
 Given:
345 g NH3
 Find:
moles of NH3
 Solution
1 mol NH 3
mol NH 3 345 g NH 3 
17.03 g NH 3
20.26 mol NH 3
Mole-Mass Calculations
 To convert mass to moles, the general
equation is:
1 mole
moles mass(grams) 
mass(grams)

To convert moles to mass, the general


equation is: mass(grams)
mass(grams) number of moles 
1 mole
Sample Problem:
 Gold is one of the coinage metals
(copper, silver, and gold). How many
atoms of gold (Au) are in a pure gold
nugget having a mass of 34.0 g?
Solution:
 Given:
mass = 34.0 g Au
molar mass Au = 196.97 g/mol Au
 Find:
number of atoms Au
Solution
 Solution:
1 mole Au
moles Au mass Au 
number of grams Au
1 mole Au
34.0 g Au 
196.97 Au

0.1726 mol Au
Solution
 Solution:
6.02 10 23 atoms Au
atoms Au moles Au 
1 mole Au
6.02 10 23 atoms Au
0.1726 mol Au 
1 mole Au

1.04 10 23 atoms Au


Sample Problem:
 Helium is an unreactive noble gas that is
used to inflate balloons. A party balloon
contains 3.33x1022 atoms of helium (He)
gas. Find the mass in grams of helium.
Solution:
 Given
number of atoms ≈ 3.33x1022
atoms He
molar mass He ≈ 4.00 g/mol He
 Find:
mass He in grams
Solution
 Solution:
1 mole He
moles He atoms He 
6.02 10 23 atoms He
22 1 mole He
3.33 10 atoms He 
6.02 1023 atoms He

0.05532 mol He
Solution
 Solution:
g of He
mass He moles He 
1 mole He
4.00 g He
0.05532 mol He 
1 mol He

0.221 g He

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