SEMINAR PRESENTATION

• Yusra Mohammed
Outline
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ADHERENCE
CONSEQUENCE OF POOR MEDICATION ADHERENCE
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE
 MEDICATION ADHERENCE
What is Medication ADHERENCE ?

ADHERENCE is the extent to which patients take their medication as

prescribed by their healthcare provider.
This include following the correct dosage ,timing ,and duration of treatment .
Adherence is crucial for achieving optimal heath outcome ,managing chronic
diseases and preventing complications
• Importance of medication adherence
• Health outcome : proper adherence to prescribed medication is linked
To improved health outcome . Patient who adhere to their medication are more
likely to experience better disease management ,reduce symptom and lower
relates of hospitalization
Cost complication : non adherence can lead to increased healthcare cost due to
complication ,additional treatment and hospital admission
Public health impact :medication non adherence can contribute to public health
issue such as the emergence of antibiotic resistance and spread of infectious
diseases
patient empowerment and engagement
promoting medication adherence encourages patient to take active role in
their healthcare . This engagement foster a sense of responsibility for their
health and can led to better communication with healthcare provider
REDUCTION OF HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES
Addressing barrier to medication adherence can help reduce disparities in
health outcome among different population
LONG TERM TREATMENT SUCCESS
Consistent adherence is essential for achieving sustained treatment success .
This includes , maintaining therapeutic level of medication and preventing
relapse of health condition
in general medication adherence is cornerstone of effective healthcare delivery
Its importance extends beyond individual patient outcome to encompass broader
economic , public health , And social implication .by recognizing and
addressing the factors tat influence adherence ,healthcare providers can enhance
treatment effectiveness and improve overall health outcome foe patients and
community
FACTORS INFLUENCING
MEDICATION ADHERENCE
Medication adherence is influenced by variety of factor that can
be categorized into
1 . PATIENT RELATED FACTORS
Knowledge and understanding : understanding of their
condition and purpose of their medication can significantly impact
adherence .lack of knowlwdge may lead to non compliance
Beliefs and attitude :personal beliefs about medication
including fears of side effect or skepticism about their
effectiveness can discourage adherence
Mental health : condition such as depression or anxiety can
effect a patient motivation and ability to follow medication
regimens
Cognitive function : cognitive impairments forgetfulness can
hinder patient ability to remember to take medication as
prescribed
Self efficacy : patient who believe they can successfully
manage their medications are more likely to adhere to their
regimens
2 MEDICATION RELATED FACTORS
Complexity of regimen : complicated dosing schedule ( eg, multiple medications
at different time ) can lead to confusion and non adherence
Side effects : the presence of adverse effect can deter patient from continuing
their medication
Formulation and administration : medication that require injection or have
unpleasant tastes may be less likely to be adhered to compared to oral medication
Cost of medication : high out of pocket costs can lead to non adherence ,
particularly if patient cannot afford their prescription
3 HEALTHCARE SYSTEM RELATED FACTORE
Provider patient communication : effective communication between
healthcare providers and patients is crucial for ensuring understanding and
addressing concerns about medication
Follow up and support : regular follow up appointment and support from
healthcare professionals can reinforce the importance of adherence and address
any issues that arise
 access to healthcare : limited access to healthcare service or medication refill
can impend adherence
4 SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS
Economic status : patient with lower income levels may struggle to find to
afford medication ,leading to non adherence
Education support : higher levels of education are often associated with better
health literacy , which can enhance adherence
Social beliefs :cultural attitude toward health and medicine can influence how
patients perceive their treatment and adherence
5 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORE
Living condition : patient living in unstable environment ( homeless or lack of
access to pharmacy ) may face challenges in adhering to medication regimens
Work and lifestyle : busy schedule or demanding jobs can make it difficult for
patient to prioritize their medication routine
 CONSEQUENCE OF POOR MEDICATION ADHERENCE
Poor medication adherence can have significant consequences for both patient and
the healthcare system , here are some consequences
1 worsening health outcome : patient may experience a deterioration in their
health condition ,leading to complication ,disease progression or even
hospitalization
2 increased healthcare cost : non adherence can result in higher healthcare cost
due to increased hospitalization , emergency room visit and the need for more
intensive treatment
3 increased risk of mortality : for chronic conditions ,can lead to higher mortality
rates as patient fail to manage their diseases effectively
4 reduced quality of life : patient may experience a decline in their quality of life
due to uncontrolled symptom , side effect from inadequate treatment or the
emotional stress associated with poor health
5 antimicrobial resistance : in case of antibiotic non adherence , there is a risk of
developing antibiotic resistance infections , making future treatment more difficult
6 complication from chronic diseases : conditions like diabetes ,hypertension and
heart disease may lead to severe complications ( eg, heart attack , stroke )
if medication are not taken as prescribed .
7 increased burned on caregivers : family members and caregiver may face
increased stress and responsibility when patient do not adhere to their treatment
plans .
8 loss of trust in healthcare providers : poor outcome from non adherence can
lead patient to loose trust in their healthcare providers or the healthcare system as
a whole
9 psychological effect : patients may experience feeling of guilt , anxiety , or
depression due to their inability to adhere to treatment regimens , which can
further exacerbate health issues
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE
1 patient education : provide clear and comprehensive information
about the medication ,including its purpose ,benefits, potential side
effects, and the importance of adherences
2 simplifying regimens :
Prescribe medication that require fewer dosage per day or consider
combination therapies to reduce the number of pills a patient needs
to take
3 use of technology :encourage the use of mobile apps or electronic reminder that
alert patients when its time to take their medication
4 regular follow up: schedule regular follow up ppointment to monitor adherence
and address any concerns or barriers patients may face
Use phone call , text ,or email as reminder for upcoming doses or appointment
5 motivational interviewing :
Engage in motivational interviewing technique to explore patients belief and
motivations regarding their medication , helping them find personal reasons to
adhere
6 support systems : encourage family involvement in the medication
management process , providing support and reminder
7 addressing barriers
Identify and address specific barriers to adherence , such as side effect , cost of
medications , or lack of understanding ,
-work with patients to develop solution such as switching to more affordable
medication or managing
side effects
8 incentives and reward : implement incentive programs that reward patiemts
for consistent adherence ,such as discounts on future prescriptions or health
related products
9 collaborative care models :
Foster a team based approach involving pharmacists , nurses and other
healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive support and education about
medication adherence
10 personalized care plans:
Developing individualized care plans that into account each patients lifestyle ,
preferences and specific challenges related to adherence
11 cognitive behavioral techniques :
Incorporate cognitive behavioral strategies to help patients develop coping
mechanisms and address negative thoughts related to medication taking
12 transition planning :
Ensure smooth transition between different level of care ( eg, hospital to home)
By providing clear discharge instructions and follow up plans
 REFERENCE
• Guide for pharmacist 3rd edition
• DiMatteo ,M.R. (2004)
• Professional guideline (world health organization (2003)
• Pharmacist letter (2023)