Presentation
Saad Abdullah
Roll no 007330
Electricity: The
Invisible Force
This presentation explores the fascinating world of electricity, from
its fundamental principles to its impact on our daily lives.
The Science of Electricity
Voltage Current Resistance
Voltage is the electrical potential Current is the flow of electrical Resistance is the opposition to the
difference between two points, charge, measured in amperes. flow of current, measured in ohms.
measured in volts.
The History of Electricity
Ancient Times 1
Early civilizations observed the power of
lightning and static electricity.
2 17th Century
William Gilbert discovered that magnets have
poles and attract certain materials.
18th Century 3
Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning is a form
of electricity.
4 19th Century
Alessandro Volta invented the first battery,
paving the way for electrical technologies.
20th Century 5
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb,
revolutionizing illumination.
Types of Electricity
1 Alternating 2 Direct Current (DC)
Current (AC)
DC electricity flows in a
AC electricity flows in a single direction, like a
sinusoidal pattern, battery.
changing direction
periodically.
3 Other Types
There are also specialized types of electricity, such as
pulsed current, which is used in some medical devices.
Electricity Generation
Fossil Fuels
1 Coal, oil, and natural gas are burned to produce heat, driving turbines.
Nuclear Power
2
Nuclear fission releases energy, heating water to drive turbines.
Renewable Sources
3 Hydropower, wind, solar, and geothermal energy are
used to generate electricity.
Electricity Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage Transmission Substations Distribution Networks
High voltage power lines carry Substations transform high Lower voltage lines deliver
electricity over long distances. voltage electricity to lower voltage electricity to homes and
for distribution. businesses.
Electrical Safety
Never Touch Avoid Water Around
Exposed Wires Electricity
Always use insulated tools Water conducts electricity
and avoid contact with live and can increase the risk of
circuits. shocks.
Inspect Wiring Regularly
Check for frayed wires, loose connections, and other potential
hazards.
Electricity Conservation
10 100
Unplug Devices Use LED Bulbs
Turn off and unplug electronics when not in use. LEDs consume less energy and last longer than traditional bulbs.
1K 10K
Adjust Thermostat Wash Clothes in Cold Water
Lower the thermostat in winter and raise it in summer. Most of the energy used in washing clothes goes to heating the water.
The Future of Electricity
Smart Grids
Smart grids use sensors and data to optimize electricity use and reliability.
Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles reduce emissions and provide a cleaner alternative to
gasoline cars.
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are becoming more efficient
and affordable.
Conclusion: Harnessing
the Power
Electricity is a powerful force that has transformed our world. By
understanding its science, history, and future, we can harness its
potential to create a brighter and more sustainable tomorrow.
Basic Concepts
Key concepts in electricity include voltage, current,
and resistance. Understanding these terms is crucial
as they describe how electrical systems operate and
interact with one another in various applications.
Voltage
Explained
Voltage is the electrical potential
difference between two points. It is the
driving force that pushes electric current
through a circuit, measured in volts (V).
Higher voltage means more potential
energy.
Understanding Current
Current refers to the flow of
electric charge, measured in
amperes (A). It can be either
direct current (DC) or alternating
current (AC), each with distinct
characteristics and applications in
electrical systems.
Resistance Basics
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of
current, measured in ohms (Ω). It
determines how much current will flow in
a circuit for a given voltage, influencing
the performance of electrical devices.
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle
in electricity,
expressed as V = IR, where V is
voltage, I is current, and R
is resistance. This relationship helps
predict how electrical
circuits behave under various
conditions.
Types of Circuits
Electrical circuits can be classified
as series or parallel. Series circuits
have a single path for current,
while parallel circuits offer
multiple paths, affecting how
devices share voltage and current.
Power in Electricity
Power is the rate at which electrical
energy is consumed or produced,
measured in watts (W). It is
calculated using the formula P = VI,
where P is power, V is voltage, and I
is current.
