Prevention And
Control Of
Diseases and
Disorders
Brought To You By:
Group 4.
-Stages of Infection, Causes of
Morbidity and Mortality.
By: Rhona Cating Medez
What’s The Issue?
What Are Kinds Of Viruses or Diseases You Can Elaborate?
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The 4 Stages Of Infection
A host in the context of infectious disease
When a disease-causing organism enters the body and starts refers to an animal or plant that acts as a
to multiply, An infection may occur. This causes various biological refuge in which another - often
symptoms to take effect. In order for infections to occur, a parasitic - organism may dwell.
series of events must happen. “The Chain Of Infection”
1. Incubation Period-
The Incubation period is the silent stage when the pathogen has
gained entry into the host and starts replicating. During this time,
the Infectious agent invades the tissue and multiplies to
reproduce an infection. The host is typically infectious to other
people during the latter part of this stage.
2. Prodromal Stage-
The Prodromal stage is the time for the onset of nonspecific symptoms
until specific symptoms begin to manifest. The infectious agent continues
to invade and multiply within the host. It is most infectious during this
stage but often not realized that they are contagious.
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The 4 Stages Of A host in the context of infectious disease
refers to an animal or plant that acts as a
Infection
biological refuge in which another - often
parasitic - organism may dwell.
3. Illness Stage-
The illness stage is the time when the patient has specific
signs and symptoms of an infectious process.
4. Convalescence Stage-
The Convalescence stage starts when the acute symptoms
disappear until the patient returns to the normal state of health.
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STAGES OF
INFECTION
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Chain Of Infection
The Chain of infection is a way of gathering the information
needed to interrupt or prevent an epidemic. There are 6
Links that complete the chain of transmission and for an
infection to occur, each link is connected.
Links In The Chain
The Infectious Agent-
These are organisms that cause the infections such as
bacteria, viruses, protist, parasite or fungi.
The Reservoir
This is any place where an infectious agent can survive, grow
or multiply. This can be a place, to a living organism. The 6
human body is the most common and the only reservoir for
human pathogens.
A host in the context of infectious disease
Chain Of Infection refers to an animal or plant that acts as a
biological refuge in which another - often
parasitic - organism may dwell.
Portal Of Exit-
This is a path for the microorganism to
leave/escape from the host. The
organism may leave through the
blood, respiratory tract, mucous
membranes, urinary tract and
gastrointestinal tract.
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THE 4 METHODS OF TRANSMISSION
The methods of transmitting a disease or infection from the host to another.
CONTACT WATERBORNE &
FOODBORNE
• A. Direct (Person-Person) Requires close Diseases that are transmitter in drinking water
physical contact between an infected and and food respectively.
susceptible person.
B. Indirect (Object-or-Surface) When a
susceptible person is infected from contact
with contaminated surfaces.
DROPLET / AIRBORNE VECTORORNE
• Droplets containing microorganism when an
• Diseases that are transmitted by insects or
infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.
other arthropods.
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Chain Of Infection
Portal Of Entry-
This is the path for the infectious agent/microorganism to
enter another host.
Susceptible Host-
The most common vulnerable population/hosts are the very
young, old and immune suppressed. For many human
pathogens, all of the non-immune and vulnerable.
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Three Levels of
PREVENTION
1. Primary Prevention- It is used before the person gets the
disease. Primary prevention aims to prevent the disease
from occurring.
2. Secondary Prevention- It is used after the disease has
occurred, But before the person notices anything is wrong.
3. 3. Tertiary Prevention- It targets the person who already has
symptoms of the disease. It begins In the period of recovery
from the illness and consists of such activities administering
appropriate medications to optimize therapeutic effects,
moving and positioning to prevent complications.
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-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
ACUTE RESPIRATRY INFECTIONS AND FLU
Influenza, also known as flu is a contagious
Respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.
From mild to severe illness to even death.
Flu can be prevented by,
1: Vaccination
2: Take Everyday Precaution
3: Undergo Preventive Anti-Viral Medication.
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-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Bronchitis And Pneumonia
Pneumonia and Bronchitis can be prevented by
practicing good and proper hygiene and stopping
the spread of germs.
Preventive ways are:
-Covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze with
a tissue, then throwing the used tissue away in a bin or
a toilet.
-Wash hands regularly to avoid transmitting germs to
others by contact. 12
-Be vaccinated to be protected against pneumococcal
-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Tuberculosis
Also known as TB, is a disease caused by a bacterial
microorganism, The Bacillus
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
1. Through the air from one person to another.
Preventive ways are:
Always cover your mouth when coughing.
2. Take all medications as required.
3. Get a shot with a tuberculosis vaccine.
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-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES Control Of Breeding Habitats of
Malaria
Mosquitos:
It is a preventable parasitic disease transmitted by Anopheles -Eliminate standing water near
mosquitos. canals.
Dengue -Change water in the flower vases
Dengue fever also known as Breakbone fever is am infectious regularly.
tropical disease caused b the dengue virus which is transmitted -Cover drums used o collect and
hold rainwater.
by the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti Mosquito.
Symptoms may include fever, headache, joint pains, and skin
rashes. This may develop into a life-threatening dengue
hemorrhagic fever, resulting to low blood platelet counts, bleeding
or into dengue shock syndrome resulting from a dangerously low -Use door and window screens t
blood pressure. oreduce indoor mosquitos. 14
Primary prevention is by reducing the habitat of mosquitos and
number of mosquitos.
-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Sexually Transmitted infections/Sexually Transmitted
Diseases.
those who are sexually active with multiple partners expose themselves t a
higher risk of contracting infections.
Following are the types of STDs/STIs:
Bacterial-
Chlamydia
Gonorrgea
Syohilis
Viral-
Genital herpes or Herpes simplex type 2
HIV/AIDS 15
Genital warts or venereal warts
Parasitic -
-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus HIV is he retrovirus that causes
HIV infection. The successful entry of HIV in the human host
weakens the immune system.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS is caused by HIV
from another person. This attacks and weakens the body’s immune
system, making afflicted individuals susceptible to other life
threatening infections,
Precautions and considerations for
protection:
Never share needles. Be sure to disinfect needles when using.
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Do not share personal items that may have blood on them.
This includes toothbrushes, razors, needles for piercing and
blades for cutting.
THANK YOU!
Group, 4.
